Table 1 Characteristics of the patients and endoscopy outcomes

Number of patients (N)

181

195

 Age (years)

64.2 ± 14.3

62.8 ± 15.7

0.38

 Sex, male

53 (29.3%)

85 (43.6%)

 < 0.01

 Drinking

59 (32.6%)

81 (41.5%)

0.09

 Smoking

39 (21.6%)

59 (30.3%)

0.06

 BMI (kg/m2)

22.4 ± 3.6

22.2 ± 3.9

0.69

 ASA-PS classification, I

170 (93.9%)

192 (98.5%)

0.03

 Previous history of endoscopy

135(74.6%)

130 (66.7%)

0.11

Comorbidity

 Cardiovascular diseases

24 (13.3%)

26 (13.3%)

1.00

 Cerebrovascular diseases

9 (5.0%)

7 (3.6%)

0.61

 Chronic kidney diseases

5 (2.8%)

6 (3.1%)

1.00

 Chronic liver damage

4 (2.2%)

6 (3.1%)

0.75

 Diabetes mellitus

34 (18.8%)

27 (13.9%)

0.21

 Hypertension

63 (34.8%)

76 (39.0%)

0.45

 Malignant diseases

54 (29.8%)

83 (42.6%)

0.01

Charlson comorbidity index

1.5 ± 1.6

1.3 ± 1.3

0.11

Types of endoscopy

 Upper Gastrointestinal

117 (64.6%)

134 (68.7%)

0.44

 Lower Gastrointestinal

59 (32.6%)

48 (24.6%)

0.11

 Endoscopic ultrasonography

5 (2.8%)

12 (6.2%)

0.14

Endoscopic outcomes

Procedure time (min)

15.8 ± 7.7

20.0 ± 11.6

 < 0.01

Mean midazolam dose (mg)

4.7 ± 1.6

4.0 ± 1.5

 < 0.01

Using analgesic agent

57 (31.5%)

37 (19.0%)

0.01

 Mean pentazocine dose (mg)

10.1 ± 3.6

9.0 ± 3.1

0.18

 Mean pethidine dose (mg)

34.2 ± 3.7

35.0 ± 0.0

0.33

Using antagonist

3 (1.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0.11

Operator of trainee

89 (49.2%)

110 (56.4%)

0.18

Adverse events

2 (1.1%)

1 (0.5%)

0.61

 Desaturation

1 (0.6%)

1 (0.5%)

1.00

 Hypotension

1 (0.6%)

0 (0.0%)

1.00