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Table 2 QOL comparisons among variables

From: The impact of symptom distress on health-related quality of life in liver cancer patients receiving arterial chemoembolization: the mediating role of hope

Variables

Category

Mean

SD

t/F

p

Sex

Female

54.18

16.02

− 0.36

0.721

 

Male

55.59

17.98

  

Education level

Primary school

52.64

17.13

2.12

0.126

 

Junior high school

53.50

18.08

  
 

High school

61.16

16.22

  

Marital status

Unmarried/widow

49

20.59

− 1.13

0.264

 

Married

55.83

16.95

  

Employment

Unemployed a

53.08

17.23

− 2.23

0.028*

 

Employed

62.65

15.91

  

Monthly income (US$)

0

52.82

17.07

2.24

0.112

 

(0,1000]

59.91

17.88

  
 

≥1001

62.62

16.63

  

Practice a religion

No

56.33

19.13

0.28

0.777

 

Yes

54.94

17.08

  

BCLC stage

A

58.29

15.44

3.42

0.037*

 

B

54.46

17.25

(A > C)

 
 

C

43.82

21.03

  

Liver function

A

54.49

17.84

− 0.81

0.420

 

B and C

58.38

14.71

  

First-time TACE

No

55.24

16.88

0.08

0.938

 

Yes

54.91

19.09

  
  1. Note: a Unemployed = unemployed + retired; BCLC = Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; TACE = Trans-hepatic arterial chemoembolization; QOL = quality of life; SD = standard deviation; * p < .05