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Table 2 Summary of outcome measurements during follow-up

From: Portal flow diversion based on portography is superior than puncture site in the prediction of overt hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS creation

 

Total

N = 243

SV group

N = 40

SMV group

N = 25

Mixed group

N = 178

Follow-up period (m)*

15.8 (9.4–26.5)

13.5 (5.7–26.2)

12.9 (4.7–21.4)

16.9 (5.7–28.3)

Primary outcome: Incidence of post-TIPS overt HE

 Overt HE

67 (27.6)

5 (12.5)

18 (72.0)

44 (24.7)

 Grade III or higher

59 (24.2)

3 (7.5)

16 (64.0)

40 (22.4)

 Recurrent

21 (8.6)

2 (5.0)

8 (32.0)

11 (6.2)

 Precipitant

  High-protein intake

25 (37.3)

2 (40.0)

5 (27.8)

18 (40.9)

  Rebleeding

9 (13.4)

0 (0.0)

2 (11.1)

7 (15.9)

  Liver failure

18 (26.9)

2 (40.0)

7 (38.9)

9 (20.5)

  Unclear

15 (22.4)

1 (20.0)

4 (22.2)

10 (22.7)

Secondary outcome 1: Change of ammonia level at 3 days

  With ammonia elevation

81 (66.3)

12 (54.5)

17 (80.9)

52 (65.8)

  Elevation level* (μmol/L)

9 (− 7–30)

4 (− 10–9)

31 (10–36)

8 (− 7–26)

Secondary outcome 2: Change of ammonia level at 1 month§

  With ammonia elevation

57 (76.0)

9 (75.0)

12 (92.3)

36 (72.0)

  Elevation level* (μmol/L)

20 (4–52)

18 (1–30)

45 (23–60)

18 (− 1–55)

  1. *Data were expressed as median (interquartile range); Other data were expressed as frequencies (percentages)
  2. For the secondary outcome 1, the results were available in 122 patients (22 patients for the SV group, 21 for the SMV group and 79 for the Mixed group)
  3. §For the secondary outcome 2, the results were available in 75 patients (12 patients for the SV group, 13 for the SMV group and 50 for the Mixed group)