Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Total N = 243 | SV group N = 40 | SMV group N = 25 | Mixed group N = 178 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics and clinical characteristics | |||||
Age* | 54.6 (12.0) | 54.2 (11.0) | 62.5 (11.6) | 53.6 (11.9) | 0.002 |
Sex (Male) | 155 (63.8) | 26 (65.0) | 20 (80.0) | 109 (61.2) | 0.185 |
Etiology | 0.277 | ||||
Virus related | 168 (69.1) | 28 (70.0) | 14 (56.0) | 126 (70.8) | |
Alcohol related | 22 (9.05) | 5 (12.5) | 2 (8.00) | 15 (8.43) | |
AIH | 25 (10.3) | 3 (7.50) | 2 (8.00) | 20 (11.2) | |
Others | 28 (11.5) | 4 (10.0) | 7 (28.0) | 17 (9.55) | |
TIPS indication | < 0.001 | ||||
Variceal bleeding | 212 (87.2) | 31 (77.5) | 17 (68.0) | 164 (92.1) | |
Refractory ascites | 31 (12.8) | 9 (22.5) | 8 (32.0) | 14 (7.87) | |
Child–Pugh score* | 7.53 (1.61) | 7.15 (1.53) | 7.96 (1.10) | 7.55 (1.67) | 0.131 |
Child–Pugh class | 0.065 | ||||
A | 62 (26.2) | 13 (32.5) | 3 (12.0) | 46 (26.7) | |
B | 153 (64.6) | 25 (62.5) | 22 (88.0) | 106 (61.6) | |
C | 22 (9.28) | 2 (5.00) | 0 (0.00) | 20 (11.6) | |
MELD score* | 11.9 (3.68) | 11.4 (3.10) | 13.0 (3.45) | 11.9 (3.82) | 0.238 |
MELD-Na score* | 12.8 (4.71) | 12.3 (4.40) | 14.2 (4.77) | 12.7 (4.76) | 0.263 |
Radiological findings | |||||
Ascites | 0.005 | ||||
Mild | 84 (34.9) | 10 (25.6) | 3 (12.0) | 71 (40.1) | |
Moderate | 39 (16.2) | 9 (23.1) | 5 (20.0) | 25 (14.1) | |
Severe | 66 (27.4) | 6 (15.4) | 13 (52.0) | 47 (26.6) | |
Spontaneous porto-systemic shunt (Yes) | 94 (38.7) | 13 (32.5) | 11 (44.0) | 70 (39.3) | 0.828 |
PV diameter (mm)* | 15.4 (3.28) | 14.5 (2.69) | 15.3 (3.99) | 15.6 (3.28) | 0.172 |
Laboratory parameters* | |||||
Bilirubin (µmol/L) | 27.9 (28.3) | 22.8 (11.4) | 27.0 (13.1) | 29.3 (32.3) | 0.419 |
Albumin (g/L) | 31.3 (5.53) | 31.9 (5.37) | 29.3 (5.53) | 31.4 (5.54) | 0.144 |
ALT (U/L) | 37.1 (80.0) | 32.8 (22.4) | 37.6 (30.5) | 38.0 (92.6) | 0.935 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 76.9 (60.6) | 74.5 (27.3) | 92.6 (75.7) | 75.1 (63.7) | 0.391 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 139 (4.43) | 138 (3.94) | 140 (5.61) | 139 (4.36) | 0.576 |
Prothrombin time (s) | 16.8 (2.49) | 16.5 (2.52) | 17.0 (1.69) | 16.8 (2.58) | 0.703 |
INR | 1.39 (0.26) | 1.36 (0.26) | 1.41 (0.18) | 1.39 (0.27) | 0.679 |
TIPS procedure | |||||
Stent diameter | 0.520 | ||||
6 mm | 108 (44.4) | 19 (47.5) | 12 (48.0) | 77 (43.3) | |
7 mm | 87 (35.8) | 16 (40.0) | 6 (24.0) | 65 (36.5) | |
8 mm | 48 (19.8) | 5 (12.5) | 7 (28.0) | 36 (20.2) | |
Pre-TIPS PPG* | 36.8 (7.63) | 34.8 (5.81) | 33.7 (10.7) | 37.5 (7.51) | 0.080 |
Post-TIPS PPG* | 15.9 (5.41) | 15.3 (4.20) | 13.1 (7.39) | 16.3 (5.33) | 0.088 |
Portography | 0.169 | ||||
Through SV | 221 (90.9) | 37 (92.5) | 21 (84.0) | 164 (92.1) | |
Through SMV | 22 (9.1) | 3 (7.5) | 5 (16.0) | 14 (7.9) | |
Puncture site | < 0.001 | ||||
Left branch | 112 (46.1) | 7 (17.5) | 17 (68.0) | 88 (49.4) | |
Right branch | 131 (53.9) | 33 (82.5) | 8 (32.0) | 90 (50.6) | |
Embolization | 166 (68.3) | 29 (72.5) | 15 (60.0) | 122 (68.5) | 0.569 |