Table 2 Summary of published IL cases with serum magnesium concentration results

Alshikho et al. [2]

24 years/M

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, edema, recurrent infection

0.85

1.98

2.36

21

3.8

Primary

MCT diet, octreotide

Altın et al. [4]

34 years/F

Dyspnea, edema

↓

–

–

↓

↓

Primary

MCT diet, octreotide

Lu et al. [5]

34 years/F

Diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, edema, tetany

0.53

1.72

2.13

19.6

–

Primary

MCT diet, IV albumin

O’Donnell et al. [6]

16 years/F

Diarrhea, edema, peripheral paresthesia, seizure, hypoparathyroidism

0.42

1.2

1.66

17

3.3

Primary

Calcium supplementation

Orbeck et al. [7]

3 months/F

Irritation, edema, vomiting

0.20

1.4

1.88

16

3.9

Primary

MCT diet, IV albumin/electrolytes

Ozeki et al. [8]

12 years/M

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, edema, weakness, tetany

0.38

–

2.03

14

–

Primary

Low-fat diet, IV albumin, propranolol, everolimus

Troskot et al. [9]

42 years/M

Seizure, edema, diarrhea, weight loss

0.46

1.26

1.78

14

–

Primary

MCT diet, IV albumin/electrolytes, octreotide

Licinio et al. [10]

17 years/F

Edema, ascites, liver fibrosis

↓

–

–

↓

–

Primary

Nutritional therapy

Klingenberg et al. [11

27 years/F

Dyspnea, edema, diarrhea tetany

0.35

1.07

1.49

19

2.82

Primary

Dietary management, IV albumin, octreotide

Gumà et al. [12]

34 years/F

Edema, tetany, extensive warts

↓

↓

–

↓

–

Primary

MCT diet, mineral supplements

Lu et al. [13]

4 years 8 months/F

Diarrhea, edema, tetany

0.92

2.00

2.28

25.8

–

Primary

MCT diet, IV multiple vitamins

Koçak et al. [14]

47 years/F

Malaise, weakness, edema

0.6

1.75

2.38

21

–

Primary

MCT diet

Hennekam et al. [15]

Young man

Lymphedema, facial anomalies, mental retardation

0.65

1.9

2.28

21

3.2

Primary (as a component of Hennekam syndrome)

MCT diet, IV albumin, nutrient supplement

Hennekam et al. [15]

Young women

Edema, seizure, recurrent infections

0.68

1.98

2.44

17

–

Primary (as a component of Hennekam syndrome)

–

Köstel-Bal et al. [16]

2 months/M

Diarrhea, fever, edema

0.46

1.26

1.78

14

–

Primary

MCT diet

Van Biervliet et al. [17]

5 months/M

tonic-clonic seizures, irritability

0.43

–

1.45

25

–

Primary

MCT diet, IV albumin, nutrient supplement

Huppke et al. [18]

10 years/M

Diarrhea, swelling, mental retardation, facial anomaly, muscle weakness

Normal

Normal

Normal

Primary (as a manifestation of Hennekam syndrome)

–

8 years/M

Mental retardation, facial anomaly, hyperactivity

Normal

Normal

Normal

Primary (as a manifestation of Hennekam syndrome)

–

Hamada et al. [19]

4 months/M

Diarrhea, muscle weakness, convulsion, slow development

0.29

1.15

1.63

16

3.2

Primary

MCT diet, nutrient supplements

Zimmet et al. [20]

33 years/F

Recurrent infections, diarrhea, edema, tetany, lassitude

0.25

1.50

2.18

6

–

Primary

Gluten-free diet, calcium/vitamin D/magnesium supplements

Eisner et al. [21]

13 years/M

Edema, diarrhea, mental retardation, absence of IgA

1.00

2.58

3.05

16.3

–

Primary

Low-fat diet, IV albumin

Scully et al. [22]

70 years/F

Dyspnea, edema, plural effusions

1.6

2.4

2.86

17

2.9

Unlikely primary

–

Bereket et al. [23]

8.5 years/F

Steatorrhea, tetany

0.70

1.73

–

Normal

–

Primary (as a probable component of APS-1)

Steroid replacement, intensive vitamin D supplement, magnesium injection