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Table 2 Cox proportional hazards model showing the hazard ratios for surgery (n = 98)

From: Mucosal healing of small intestinal stricture is associated with improved prognosis post-dilation in Crohn’s disease

Variables at diagnosis

 

Case of surgery, n

Person-days of follow-up, mean

Univariate

Multivariate

HR

95% CI

p value

HR

95% CI

p value

Sex

 Men

ref

14

1217.974

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Women

 

10

1124.727

2.56

1.14, 5.77

0.023*

1.95

0.74, 5.13

0.176

Age at diagnosis of CD

 < 17

 

2

1014.3

1.00

0.23, 4.37

0.997

0.55

0.09, 3.31

0.509

 17–40

ref

16

1171.543

1.00

  

1.00

  

 40 < 

 

6

1397.722

1.29

0.50, 3.30

0.594

1.12

0.42, 2.98

0.816

Smoking

 Never

ref

18

1160.5

1.00

     

 Current

 

4

1209

0.95

0.32, 2.82

0.930

   

 Ex-smoker

 

2

1394.25

0.55

0.13, 2.39

0.428

   

Previous intestinal resection

 No

ref

19

1172.721

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Yes

 

5

1237.135

0.41

0.15, 1.09

0.074

0.26

0.09, 0.76

0.014*

Perianal involvement

 No

ref

15

1336.688

1.00

     

 Yes

 

9

934.1765

1.34

0.59, 3.08

0.484

   

Disease location

 L1

ref

14

1209.944

1.00

     

 L3

 

10

1181.205

0.93

0.41, 2.09

0.853

   

CDAI score

 < 150

ref

16

1289.013

1.00

  

1.00

  

 ≥ 150

 

8

814.6316

2.91

1.23, 6.84

0.015*

1.83

0.62, 5.41

0.273

CRP

 ≤ 4 mg/L

ref

17

1243.896

1.00

     

 > 4 mg/L

 

7

1025.238

1.63

0.68, 3.94

0.275

   

Endoscopic finding

Stricture length

 < 2 cm

ref

21

1239.076

1.00

  

1.00

  

 ≥ 2 cm

 

3

552.5

3.14

0.91, 10.81

0.069

3.31

0.68, 15.99

0.137

Anastomotic site stricture

 No

ref

22

1189.899

1.00

     

 Yes

 

2

1267.667

0.85

0.20, 3.64

0.831

   

Location of stricture

 TI

ref

9

1250.667

1.00

     

 PI

 

15

1138.563

0.52

0.22, 1.19

0.123

   

 J

 

0

1701.333

      

Presence of ulcer at the stricture

 No

ref

4

1406.714

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Yes

 

20

1080.556

3.19

1.08, 9.34

0.035*

4.84

1.58, 14.79

0.006*

Concomitant treatment

Corticosteroid

 No

ref

22

1244.345

1.00

     

 Yes

 

2

822.9091

0.90

0.21, 3.84

0.883

   

5-aminosalicylate

 No

ref

11

1126.629

1.00

     

 Yes

 

13

1236.159

0.64

0.29, 1.42

0.271

   

Anti-TNF

 No

ref

15

1188.824

1.00

     

 Yes

 

9

1205.957

0.62

0.27, 1.41

0.253

   

Immunomodulator

 No

ref

15

1218.05

1.00

     

 Yes

 

9

1163.868

1.04

0.46, 2.39

0.918

   

Anti-TNF + Immunomodulator

 No

ref

20

1190.912

1.00

     

 Yes

 

4

1224.278

0.91

0.31, 2.67

0.863

   
  1. ref reference, EBD endoscopic balloon dilation, CD Crohn’s disease, CDAI Crohn’s disease activity index, CRP C-reactive protein, TI terminal ileum, PI proximal ileum, J jejunum, TNF tumor necrosis factor, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval. *p < 0.05