Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients at time of EBD, endoscopic treatment, and outcome (n = 98)
Variables | Total | Presence of ulcer at the stricture | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||
98 (100.0%) | 35 (35.7%) | 63 (64.3%) | ||
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Sex, n (%) | ||||
Men | 76 (77.6%) | 26 (74.3%) | 50 (79.4%) | 0.618† |
Women | 22 (22.4%) | 9 (25.7%) | 13 (20.6%) | |
Median age at diagnosis of CD, years (range) | 28 (3, 63) | 30 (12, 63) | 27 (3, 60) | |
Age at diagnosis of CD, n (%) | ||||
< 17 | 10 (10.2%) | 4 (11.4%) | 6 (9.5%) | 1.000† |
17–40 | 70 (71.4%) | 25 (71.4%) | 45 (71.4%) | |
> 40 | 18 (18.4%) | 6 (17.1%) | 12 (19.1%) | |
Median disease duration, years (range) | 4.64 (0.00, 32.57) | 3.00 (0.00, 31.99) | 7.13 (0.00, 32.57) | |
Smoking, n (%) | ||||
Never | 70 (71.4%) | 23 (65.7%) | 47 (74.6%) | 0.470† |
Current | 16 (16.3%) | 8 (22.9%) | 8 (12.7%) | |
Ex-smoker | 12 (12.2%) | 4 (11.4%) | 8 (12.7%) | |
Previous intestinal resection, n (%) | ||||
No | 61 (62.2%) | 28 (80.0%) | 33 (52.4%) | 0.009†* |
Yes | 37 (37.8%) | 7 (20.0%) | 30 (47.6%) | |
Perianal involvement, n (%) | ||||
No | 64 (65.3%) | 28 (80.0%) | 36 (57.1%) | 0.027†* |
Yes | 34 (34.7%) | 7 (20.0%) | 27 (42.9%) | |
Disease location, n (%) | ||||
L1 | 54 (55.1%) | 22 (62.9%) | 32 (50.8%) | 0.250‡ |
L3 | 44 (44.9%) | 13 (37.1%) | 31 (49.2%) | |
Median CDAI score, (range) | 78.32 (0.00, 383.52) | 63.84 (0.00, 198.97) | 84.00 (0.00, 383.52) | |
CDAI score, n (%) | ||||
< 150 | 79 (80.6%) | 31 (88.6%) | 48 (76.2%) | 0.185† |
≥ 150 | 19 (19.4%) | 4 (11.4%) | 15 (23.8%) | |
Median CRP, mg/L (range) | 1.1 (0.2, 66.4) | 1.0 (0.2, 13.2) | 1.2 (0.2, 66.4) | |
CRP, n (%) | ||||
≤ 4 mg/L | 77 (78.6%) | 32 (91.4%) | 45 (71.4%) | 0.022†* |
> 4 mg/L | 21 (21.4%) | 3 (8.6%) | 18 (28.6%) | |
Endoscopic findings | ||||
Stricture length, n (%) | ||||
< 2 cm | 92 (93.9%) | 32 (91.4%) | 60 (95.2%) | 0.663† |
≥ 2 cm | 6 (6.1%) | 3 (8.6%) | 3 (4.8%) | |
Anastomotic site stricture, n (%) | ||||
No | 89 (90.8%) | 31 (88.6%) | 58 (92.1%) | 0.717† |
Yes | 9 (9.2%) | 4 (11.4%) | 5 (7.9%) | |
Location of stricture, n (%) | ||||
TI | 21 (21.4%) | 8 (22.9%) | 13 (20.6%) | 0.933† |
PI | 71 (72.4%) | 25 (71.4%) | 46 (73.0%) | |
J | 6 (6.1%) | 2 (5.7%) | 4 (6.3%) | |
Concomitant treatment | ||||
Corticosteroid, n (%) | ||||
No | 87 (88.8%) | 31 (88.6%) | 56 (88.9%) | 1.000† |
Yes | 11 (11.2%) | 4 (11.4%) | 7 (11.1%) | |
5-aminosalicylate, n (%) | ||||
No | 35 (35.7%) | 14 (40.0%) | 21 (33.3%) | 0.509‡ |
Yes | 63 (64.3%) | 21 (60.0%) | 42 (66.7%) | |
Anti-TNF, n (%) | ||||
No | 51 (52.0%) | 17 (48.6%) | 34 (54.0%) | 0.608‡ |
Yes | 47 (48.0%) | 18 (51.4%) | 29 (46.0%) | |
Immunomodulator, n (%) | ||||
No | 60 (61.2%) | 24 (68.6%) | 36 (57.1%) | 0.266‡ |
Yes | 38 (38.8%) | 11 (31.4%) | 27 (42.9%) | |
Anti-TNF + Immunomodulator, n (%) | ||||
No | 80 (81.6%) | 29 (82.9%) | 51 (81.0%) | 1.000† |
Yes | 18 (18.4%) | 6 (17.1%) | 12 (19.0%) | |
Endoscopic treatment | ||||
Balloon dilation diameter, n (%) | ||||
< 15 mm | 51 (52.0%) | 12 (34.3%) | 39 (61.9%) | 0.009‡* |
≥ 15 mm | 47 (48.0%) | 23 (65.7%) | 24 (38.1%) | |
Outcome | ||||
Surgery | ||||
No | 74 (75.5%) | 31 (88.6%) | 43 (68.3%) | 0.029†* |
Yes | 24 (24.5%) | 4 (11.4%) | 20 (31.7%) | |