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Table 2 Comparison of the clinical characteristics of patients with EGC between the delayed bleeding group and the nonbleeding group

From: External validation of the BEST-J score and a new risk prediction model for ESD delayed bleeding in patients with early gastric cancer

 

Nonbleeding group (n = 417)

Delayed bleeding group (n = 27)

χ2 or t value

P value

Procedure duration (min, mean ± SD)

87.09 ± 72.40

79.70 ± 49.44

0.260

0.260

Procedure duration [n (%)]

  

 < 0.001

0.994

 ≤ 60 min

185 (44.4)

12 (44.4)

  

 > 60 min

232 (55.6)

15 (55.6)

  

Tumor size [n (%)]

  

5.790

0.016*

 ≤ 20 mm

293 (70.3)

13 (48.1)

  

 > 20 mm

124 (29.7)

14 (51.9)

  

Tumor location [n (%)]

  

NA

0.129

 Upper

127 (30.5)

4 (14.8)

  

 Medial

27 (6.5)

3 (11.1)

  

 Lower

263 (63.1)

20 (74.1)

  

Number of resected specimen [n (%)]

NA

0.196

 Single

374 (89.7)

22 (81.5)

  

 Multiple

43 (10.3)

5 (18.5)

  

Lifting sign [n (%)]

  

0.012

0.914

 Positive

328 (78.7)

21 (77.8)

  

 Poor

89 (21.3)

6 (22.2)

  

Intraoperative use of hemoclips [n (%)]

5.209

0.022*

 No

265 (63.5)

23 (85.2)

  

 Yes

152 (36.5)

4 (14.8)

  

Resection type [n (%)]

  

NA

0.643

 Piecemeal

21 (5.0)

2 (7.4)

  

 En bloc

396 (95.0)

25 (92.6)

  

Procedure time [n (%)]

  

0.652

0.419

 Morning

234 (56.1)

13 (48.1)

  

 Afternoon

183 (43.9)

14 (51.9)

  

Macroscopic type [n (%)]

  

NA

1.000

 Type 0-I

19 (4.6)

1 (3.7)

  

 Type 0-II

396 (95.0)

26 (96.3)

  

 Type 0-III

2 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

  

Tumor differentiation [n (%)]

  

NA

0.721

 Differentiated

381 (91.4)

24 (88.9)

  

 Undifferentiated

36 (8.6)

3 (11.1)

  

Histological classification [n (%)]

 

NA

0.676

 LGIN

6 (1.4)

0 (0.0)

  

 HGIN

45 (10.8)

4 (14.8)

  

 Gastric cancer

366 (87.8)

23 (85.2)

  

Depth of tumor invasion [n (%)]

 

NA

0.896

 M

367 (88.0)

24 (88.9)

  

 SM1

34 (8.2)

3 (11.1)

  

 SM2

16 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

  

Vertical margin [n (%)]

  

NA

0.300

 Negative

401 (96.2)

25 (92.6)

  

 Positive

16 (3.8)

2 (7.4)

  

Horizontal margin [n (%)]

  

NA

0.077

 Negative

403 (96.6)

24 (88.9)

  

 Positive

14 (3.4)

3 (11.1)

  

Lymphatic invasion [n (%)]

  

NA

0.324

 No

400 (95.9)

25 (92.6)

  

 Yes

17 (4.1)

2 (7.4)

  

Venous invasion [n (%)]

  

 < 0.001

1.000

 No

399 (95.7)

26 (96.3)

  

 Yes

18 (4.3)

1 (3.7)

  

Complete resection [n (%)]

  

NA

0.204

 No

23 (5.5)

3 (11.1)

  

 Yes

394 (94.5)

24 (88.9)

  

Resection classification [n (%)]

 

NA

0.120

 Curative resection

243 (58.3)

11 (40.7)

  

 Curative resection for expanded indications

90 (21.6)

10 (37.0)

  

 Noncurative resection

84 (20.1)

6 (22.2)

  

Multiple tumors [n (%)]

  

NA

0.036*

 No

390 (93.5)

22 (81.5)

  

 Yes

27 (6.5)

5 (18.5)

  

Absolute indication [n (%)]

  

3.137

0.077

 Yes

257 (61.6)

12 (44.4)

  

 No

160 (38.4)

15 (55.6)

  
  1. EGC, early gastric cancer; HGIN, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; LGIN, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; M, confined to the mucosa; NA, not available due to Fisher’s exact test; SD, standard deviation; SM1, submucosal invasion < 500 µm from the muscularis mucosa; SM2, submucosal invasion ≥ 500 µm from the muscularis mucosa
  2. *P < 0.05