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Table 2 Cox regression for analyzing the mortality among lung metastasis patients in colorectal cancer (diagnosed 2010–2015)

From: Homogeneous and heterogeneous risk and prognostic factors for lung metastasis in colorectal cancer patients

Subject characteristics

No. of CRC patients with LM (N = 8867)

Survival, median (95% CI, month)

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysisa

Overall

Deceased (rate, %)

HR [95% CI]

P value

HR [95% CI]

P-value

Age(years)

       

 ≤ 50

1313

1007 (76.7)

18 (16.7–19.3)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

51–60

2115

1698 (80.3)

14 (13.0–15.0)

1.18 (1.09–1.27)

 < 0.001

1.14 (1.05–1.23)

0.001

61–70

2353

1937 (82.3)

11 (10.2–11.9)

1.32 (1.22–1.42)

 < 0.001

1.31 (1.21–1.41)

 < 0.001

71–80

1745

1549 (88.8)

6 (5.3–6.8)

1.76 (1.62–1.90)

 < 0.001

1.82 (1.68–1.98)

 < 0.001

81–90

1121

1062 (94.7)

2 (1.7–2.3)

2.69 (2.46–2.93)

 < 0.001

2.72 (2.48–2.98)

 < 0.001

 ≥ 91

220

216 (98.2)

1 (0.4–1.6)

3.89 (3.36–4.51)

 < 0.001

3.61 (3.09–4.21)

 < 0.001

Sex

       

Female

4068

3416 (84.0)

9 (8.3–9.7)

1 (Reference)

1.00

-

-

Male

4799

4053 (84.5)

10 (9.4–10.6)

0.99 (0.95–1.04)

0.787

-

-

Race

       

White

6525

5475 (83.9)

10 (9.5–10.6)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

Black

1424

1233 (86.6)

9 (8.0–10.0)

1.08 (1.01–1.15)

0.016

1.06 (1.00–1.13)

0.060

Othersb

902

750 (83.2)

10 (8.6–11.4)

0.98 (0.90–1.05)

0.542

1.02 (0.94–1.10)

0.690

Unknown

16

11 (68.8)

12 (2.7–21.3)

0.96 (0.53–1.73)

0.885

1.14 (0.63–2.07)

0.663

Marital status

       

Unmarriedc

4315

3739 (86.7)

8 (7.4–8.6)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

Married

4060

3320 (81.8)

13 (12.3–13.7)

0.79 (0.75–0.82)

 < 0.001

0.87 (0.83–0.91)

 < 0.001

Unknown

492

410 (83.3)

8 (6.0–10.0)

0.87 (0.78–0.96)

0.005

0.92 (0.83–1.02)

0.119

Insurance status

       

Insured

6763

5665 (83.8)

10 (9.5–10.5)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

Uninsured

1598

1376 (86.1)

9 (8.1–9.9)

1.10 (1.00–1.21)

0.058

1.24 (1.16–1.32)

 < 0.001

Any Medic aid

506

428 (84.6)

9 (7.1–10.9)

1.11 (1.05–1.18)

0.001

1.35 (1.22–1.49)

 < 0.001

Site

       

Right colon

2617

2309 (88.2)

7 (6.3–7.7)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

Left colon

2986

2435 (81.6)

12 (11.1–12.9)

0.76 (0.72–0.81)

 < 0.001

0.82 (0.77–0.87)

 < 0.001

Rectum

2399

1922 (80.1)

14 (13.1–15.0)

0.69 (0.64–0.73)

 < 0.001

0.68 (0.64–0.73)

 < 0.001

Unknown

865

803 (92.8)

2 (1.5–2.5)

1.51 (1.39–1.63)

 < 0.001

1.11 (1.02–1.21)

0.018

Histological grade

       

Grade I

356

280 (78.7)

14 (11.1–16.9)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

Grade II

4050

3202 (79.1)

15 (14.2–15.8)

0.99 (0.87–1.11)

0.810

1.08 (0.95–1.22)

0.244

Grade III

1167

1031 (88.4)

7 (6.1–7.9)

1.49 (1.31–1.71)

 < 0.001

1.58 (1.38–1.81)

 < 0.001

Grade IV

195

166 (85.1)

8 (5.6–10.4)

1.34 (1.11–1.63)

0.003

1.51 (1.24–1.83)

 < 0.001

Unknown

3099

2790 (90.0)

5 (4.5–5.5)

1.78 (1.57–2.01)

 < 0.001

1.32 (1.16–1.49)

 < 0.001

Lymphatic metastasis

       

N0

3021

2542 (84.1)

8 (7.2–8.8)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

N1

2938

2388 (81.3)

12 (11.1–12.9)

0.85 (0.81–0.90)

 < 0.001

1.02 (0.96–1.08)

0.485

N2

1315

1078 (82.0)

14 (12.7–15.3)

0.79 (0.74–0.85)

 < 0.001

1.17 (1.07–1.27)

 < 0.001

Unknown

1593

1461 (91.7)

8 (7.2–8.8)

1.37 (1.28–1.46)

 < 0.001

1.07 (1.00–1.14)

0.068

T stage

       

T1

1052

920 (87.5)

8 (6.7–9.3)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

T2

151

114 (75.5)

19 (14.2–23.8)

0.48 (0.37–0.63)

 < 0.001

0.78 (0.60–1.02)

0.071

T3

2285

1717 (75.1)

19 (17.9–20.1)

0.75 (0.69–0.82)

 < 0.001

0.93 (0.85–1.02)

0.118

T4

1875

1572 (83.8)

11 (10.1–11.9)

0.83 (0.75–0.92)

 < 0.001

1.07 (0.96–1.18)

0.223

Unknown

3504

3146 (89.8)

5 (4.5–5.5)

1.23 (1.13–1.35)

 < 0.001

1.01 (0.92–1.11)

0.792

CEA

       

Negative

745

543 (72.9)

20 (17.7–22.3)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

Positive

5282

4477 (84.8)

10 (9.5–10.6)

1.62 (1.48–1.77)

 < 0.001

1.27 (1.16–1.39)

 < 0.001

Unknown

2840

2449 (86.2)

8 (7.2–8.8)

1.73 (1.57–1.89)

 < 0.001

1.34 (1.21–1.47)

 < 0.001

Liver metastasis

       

No

2406

1759 (73.1)

17 (15.8–18.2)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

Yes

6350

5612 (88.4)

8 (7.5–8.5)

1.75 (1.66–1.85)

 < 0.001

1.64 (1.55–1.73)

 < 0.001

Unknown

111

98 (88.3)

8 (3.5–12.5)

1.52 (1.24–1.86)

 < 0.001

1.21 (0.97–1.50)

0.098

Bone metastasis

       

No

7663

6357 (83.0)

11 (10.5–11.5)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

Yes

899

829 (92.2)

5 (4.2–5.8)

1.55 (1.45–1.67)

 < 0.001

1.38 (1.28–1.48)

 < 0.001

Unknown

305

283 (92.8)

4 (2.6–5.4)

1.47 (1.30–1.65)

 < 0.001

1.32 (1.09–1.60)

0.004

Brain metastasis

       

No

8267

6921 (83.7)

10 (9.5–10.5)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

Yes

248

227 (91.5)

3 (2.0–4.0)

1.68 (1.47–1.92)

 < 0.001

1.51 (1.32–1.73)

 < 0.001

Unknown

352

321 (91.2)

5 (3.8–6.3)

1.36 (1.22–1.52)

 < 0.001

0.86 (0.72–1.03)

0.103

Surg (pri)

       

No

5956

5286 (88.8)

7 (6.6–7.4)

1 (Reference)

1.00

1 (Reference)

1.00

Yes

2878

2157 (75.0)

19 (17.9–20.1)

0.51 (0.49–0.54)

 < 0.001

0.56 (0.52–0.60)

 < 0.001

Unknown

33

26 (78.8)

12 (3.5–20.5)

0.59 (0.40–0.87)

0.007

0.45 (0.31–0.67)

 < 0.001

  1. CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CRC, colorectal cancer; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LM, lung metastasis; NA, not available; Surg(pri), surgical treatments of primary site
  2. aAdjusted for age, race, marital status, insurance status, site, histological grade, lymphatic metastasis, T stage, CEA, liver metastasis, bone metastasis, and brain metastasis
  3. bIncludes American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander
  4. cIncludes single, separated, widowed, and divorced