Table 3 Prognostic factors for overall survival of patient with CRC

Gender

 Female

1

(Reference)

 Male

1.17 (0.90–1.51)

0.235

EOCRC or LOCRC

 LOCRC

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 EOCRC

0.40 (0.27–0.59)

< 0.001

0.35 (0.24–0.53)

< 0.001

Family history of tumours

 No

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 Yes

0.34 (0.12–0.90)

0.030

0.56 (0.20–1.53)

0.257

BMI (kg/m²)

 18.5 to 24

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 < 18.5

1.59 (1.12–2.27)

0.009

1.82 (1.26–2.62)

0.001

 ≥ 24

0.86 (0.65–1.15)

0.314

1.05 (0.78–1.41)

0.762

Haemoglobin (g/L)

 > 110

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 ≤ 100

1.62 (1.26–2.07)

< 0.001

1.38 (1.05–1.81)

0.022

Platelet counts (10⁹/L)

 ≤ 300

1

(Reference)

 > 300

1.12 (0.85–1.47)

0.414

WBC (10⁹/L)

 ≤ 10

1

(Reference)

 > 10

0.94 (0.59–1.49)

0.783

CEA (ng/mL)

 ≤ 10

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 > 10

2.84 (2.22–3.64)

< 0.001

1.47 (1.11–1.94)

0.006

CA199 (kU/L)

 ≤ 27

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 > 27

2.58 (2.01–3.32)

< 0.001

1.22 (0.91–1.62)

0.186

CA125 (kU/L)

 ≤ 35

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 > 35

3.94 (2.89–5.36)

< 0.001

1.95 (1.36–2.79)

< 0.001

CA153 (kU/L)

 ≤ 25

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 > 25

2.94 (1.51–5.73)

0.002

2.31 (1.13–4.73)

0.022

AFP (ng/mL)

 ≤ 7

1

(Reference)

 > 7

0.81 (0.41–1.57)

0.527

Type of ascites

 No

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 Serous

1.53 (1.00–2.35)

0.051

0.72 (0.45–1.16)

0.179

 Bloody

5.40 (2.67–10.94)

< 0.001

2.86 (1.29–6.34)

0.010

Tumor location

 Right colon

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 Left colon

0.66 (0.46–0.93)

0.018

0.70 (0.48–1.02)

0.067

 Rectum

0.74 (0.54–1.01)

0.057

1.02 (0.72–1.44)

0.909

 Multiple segment

0.85 (0.54–1.35)

0.496

0.76 (0.44–1.32)

0.326

Radical or palliative surgery

 Radical

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 Palliative

9.49 (7.37–12.23)

< 0.001

3.99 (2.42–6.56)

< 0.001

 (y)pTNM staging

 0–I

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 II

0.92 (0.63–1.35)

0.672

0.70 (0.48–1.02)

0.067

 III

0.82 (0.56–1.21)

0.314

1.02 (0.72–1.44)

0.908

 IV

1.02 (0.66–1.56)

0.933

0.76 (0.44–1.32)

0.326

Number of retrieved lymph nodes

 < 12

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 ≥ 12

1.57 (1.14–2.16)

0.006

1.43 (1.02–2.00)

0.041

Gross classification

 Mass type

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 Infiltration type

3.05 (1.24–7.51)

0.015

1.14 (0.40–3.23)

0.802

 Ulceration type

1.06 (0.82–1.37)

0.655

0.82 (0.62–1.08)

0.160

Histological type

 Classical adenocarcinoma

1

(Reference)

 Mucinous adenocarcinoma

1.03 (0.65–1.62)

0.915

 Signet ring cell carcinoma

0 (0-Inf)

0.990

Differentiation grade

 Well differentiated

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 Moderately differentiated

1.26 (0.91–1.77)

0.167

1.06 (0.75–1.49)

0.759

 Poorly differentiated

1.93 (1.29–2.89)

0.001

1.30 (0.83–2.04)

0.252

Vessel invasion

 Negative

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 Positive

2.62 (1.98–3.48)

< 0.001

1.44 (1.03–2.01)

0.033

Neural invasion

 Negative

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 Positive

2.07 (1.56–2.73)

< 0.001

1.04 (0.75–1.43)

0.824

Ki67 expression

 Low

1

(Reference)

 Moderate

0.81 (0.48–1.37)

0.429

 High

0.84 (0.54–1.32)

0.459

MMR status

 pMMR

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 dMMR

0.45 (0.25–0.80)

0.007

0.67 (0.36–1.27)

0.221

Tumor type

 PCRC

1

(Reference)

1

(Reference)

 SCRC

1.36 (1.05–1.76)

0.021

1.02 (0.75–1.40)

0.889