Helicobacter pylori infection is not an independent risk factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China

Wang, Weijun; Fan, Mengke; Gong, Rui; Zhang, Yurui; Zeng, Junchao; Xu, Sanping; Lin, Rong

doi:10.1186/s12876-022-02148-6

BMC Gastroenterology

Table 2 The risk of NAFLD development in the univariate and multivariate analyses

From: Helicobacter pylori infection is not an independent risk factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China

Variables	Full sample (n = 71,633)				Matched sample (n = 29,974)
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis ^a		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis ^b
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age	1.02 (1.02–1.02)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.01–1.02)	< 0.001	1.01 (1.01–1.02)	< 0.001	1.01 (1.01–1.02)	< 0.001
Male sex (%)	3.13 (3.03–3.24)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.01–1.18)	0.022	0.35 (0.33–0.36)	< 0.001	0.98 (0.90–1.07)	0.601
BMI (kg/m²)	1.62 (1.61–1.63)	< 0.001	1.44 (1.42–1.45)	< 0.001	1.59 (1.57–1.61)	< 0.001	1.42 (1.40–1.44)	< 0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	1.03 (1.03–1.03)	< 0.001	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	< 0.001	1.03 (1.03–1.03)	< 0.001	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.003
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	1.07 (1.06–1.07)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.02–1.03)	< 0.001	1.06 (1.06–1.06)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.02–1.03)	< 0.001
FBG (mM)	1.46 (1.44–1.49)	< 0.001	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	0.087	1.43 (1.39–1.46)	< 0.001	1.05 (1.01–1.10)	0.018
HbA1C (%)	1.98 (1.92–2.04)	< 0.001	1.23 (1.15–1.30)	< 0.001	1.83 (1.76–1.90)	< 0.001	1.22 (1.13–1.30)	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mM)	1.45 (1.42–1.47)	< 0.001	–	–	1.35 (1.31–1.39)	< 0.001	–	–^c
LDL-C (mM)	1.57 (1.53–1.60)	< 0.001	1.35 (1.30–1.40)	< 0.001	1.44 (1.40–1.49)	< 0.001	1.34 (1.28–1.39)	< 0.001
HDL-C (mM)	0.07 (0.07–0.08)	< 0.001	0.36 (0.32–0.39)	< 0.001	0.09 (0.08–0.10)	< 0.001	0.37 (0.33–0.41)	< 0.001
Triglycerides (mM)	2.53 (2.47–2.58)	< 0.001	1.46 (1.42–1.50)	< 0.001	2.32 (2.25–2.39)	< 0.001	1.46 (1.41–1.50)	< 0.001
AST (IU/L)	1.05 (1.04–1.05)	< 0.001	0.97 (0.97–0.97)	< 0.001	1.04 (1.04–1.04)	< 0.001	0.97 (0.97–0.98)	< 0.001
ALT (IU/L)	1.05 (1.05–1.05)	< 0.001	1.03 (1.03–1.03)	< 0.001	1.04 (1.04–1.05)	< 0.001	1.03 (1.03–1.03)	< 0.001
GGT (IU/L)	1.03 (1.03–1.03)	< 0.001	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.02–1.03)	< 0.001	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	< 0.001
Scr (μM)	1.02 (1.02–1.02)	< 0.001	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.02–1.02)	< 0.001	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	< 0.001
BUN (mM)	1.11 (1.10–1.13)	< 0.001	0.99 (0.97–1.01)	0.275	1.10 (1.08–1.12)	< 0.001	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.546
H. pylori ( +)(%)	1.17 (1.14–1.21)	< 0.001	1.02 (0.97–1.08)	0.446	1.01 (0.96–1.06)	0.716	1.00 (0.94–1.06)	0.898

^aEstimated from Logistic regression analysis and adjusted for Age, sex, BMI, Systolic BP, Diastolic BP, FBG, HbA1C, LDL-C, HDL-C, Triglycerides, AST, ALT, GGT, Scr, BUN and H. pylori+ (%)
^bEstimated from Logistic regression analysis and adjusted for Age, sex, BMI, Systolic BP, Diastolic BP, FBG, HbA1C, LDL-C, HDL-C, Triglycerides, AST, ALT, GGT, Scr, BUN and H. pylori+ (%)
^cMulticollinearity analysis with the significant variables (variance inflation factor test, VIF) was conducted and Total cholesterol was excluded from the multivariate regression model (VIF = 12.104)
H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; Scr, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OR, odd ratio; CI, confidence intervals

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