Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of included patients
From: The fate of indeterminate liver lesions: What proportion are precursors of hepatocellular carcinoma?
Patients who developed HCC (n = 19) | Patients who did not develop HCC (n = 90) | All patients (n = 109) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean, SD) | 54.2 (± 10.0) | 51.8 (± 15.1) | 52.4 (± 14.5) | 0.398 |
Sex; n (%) | 0.385 | |||
Male | 12 (63.2%) | 47 (52.2%) | 59 (54.1%) | |
Female | 7 (36.8%) | 43 (47.8%) | 50 (45.9%) | |
BMI (mean, SD) | 27.6 (± 3.9) | 27.7 (± 5.5) | 27.7 (± 5.3) | 0.990 |
Ethnicity; n (%) | ||||
White | 15 (78.9%) | 49 (54.4%) | 64 (58.7%) | |
Black | 1 (5.3%) | 18 (20%) | 19 (17.4%) | |
Asian | 2 (10.5%) | 11 (12.2%) | 13 (11.9%) | |
Other | 1 (5.3%) | 10 (11.1%) | 11 (10.1%) | |
Mixed | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
Missing | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
Smoking status; n (%) | ||||
Non-smoker | 9 (47.4%) | 61 (67.8%) | 70 (64.2%) | |
Smoker | 7 (36.8%) | 19 (21.1%) | 26 (23.9%) | |
Ex-smoker | 3 (15.8%) | 8 (8.9%) | 11 (10.1%) | |
Missing | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.2%) | 2 (1.8%) | |
Main aetiology; n (%) | ||||
HCV | 10 (52.6%) | 29 (32.2%) | 39 (35.8%) | |
HBV | 2 (10.5%) | 12 (13.3%) | 14 (12.8%) | |
HBV/HDV | 0 (0%) | 6 (6.7%) | 6 (5.5%) | |
ArLD | 4 (21.1%) | 6 (6.7%) | 10 (9.2%) | |
NAFLD/NASH | 0 (0%) | 6 (6.7%) | 6 (5.5%) | |
Autoimmune | 1 (5.3%) | 2 (2.2%) | 3 (2.8%) | |
Other | 2 (10.5%) | 29 (32.2%) | 31 (28.4%) | |
Alcohol consumption | 0.023 | |||
≤ 14 U/week | 94 (86.2%) | 80 (88.9%) | 14 (73.7%) | |
> 14 U/week | 12 (11%) | 7 (7.8%) | 5 (26.3%) | |
Missing | 3 (2.8%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0 | |
Cirrhosis; n (%) | 19 (100%) | 69 (76.7%) | 88 (80.7%) | 0.019 |
Other malignancy; n (%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (4.4%) | 4 (3.7%) | 0.346 |
Family history of HCC; n (%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (3.5%) | 3 (2.9%) | 0.409 |
ALT (unit/l) | 49 (IQR 46.5) | 45 (IQR 67.3) | 45 (IQR 61) | 0.531 |
AST (unit/l) | 52 (IQR 22.5) | 51 (IQR 58.3) | 51 (IQR 53) | 0.227 |
ALP (unit/l) | 101 (IQR 36) | 96 (IQR 65.3) | 96 (IQR 63) | 0.333 |
Albumin (gram/l) | 40.3 (± 4.5) | 43.2 (± 4.7) | 42.6 (± 4.5) | 0.014 |
Platelet count (× 109/l) | 90 (IQR 77) | 157 (IQR 89.8) | 148 (IQR 95.5) | < 0.001 |
AFP (kunits/l) | 8.9 (IQR 17) | 4 (IQR 5) | 4.4 (IQR 7) | 0.074 |
Description of index lesion(s); n(%) | ||||
Arterialised | 15 (78.9) | 63 (70.0) | 78 (71.6) | 0.432 |
Dysplastic | 1 (5.3) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (1.8) | 0.220 |
Indeterminate | 15 (78.9) | 77 (85.6) | 92 (84.4) | 0.471 |
Regenerative | 4 (21.1) | 22 (24.4) | 26 (23.9) | 0.753 |
Perfusional changes | 0 (0) | 7 (7.8) | 7 (6.4) | 0.209 |