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Table 3 Baseline characteristics in the unmatched and matched group according to the pathological diagnosis

From: Vater’s ampullary carcinoma increases the risk of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective and propensity score-matched analysis

Variables

Before PS matching

After PS matching

Non-VAC (n = 169)

VAC (n = 94)

P value

Non-VAC (n = 59)

VAC (n = 59)

P value

Age (mean ± SD), years

60.9 ± 12.5

62.7 ± 11.4

0.251

60.5 ± 13.6

62.9 ± 10.8

0.306

Sex, n (%)

  

0.945

  

0.450

 Male

105 (62.1)

58 (61.7)

 

34 (57.6)

38 (64.4)

 

 Female

64 (37.9)

36 (38.3)

 

25 (42.4)

21 (35.6)

 

BMI (mean ± SD), kg/m2

23.4 ± 3.1

23.7 ± 3.9

0.591

22.8 ± 2.8

24.0 ± 3.4

0.060

Diabetic mellitus, n (%)

34 20.1)

13 (13.8)

0.202

14 (23.7)

10 (16.9)

0.360

Hypertension, n (%)

58 (34.3)

31 (32.9)

0.826

23 (38.9)

21 (35.6)

0.703

History of surgery, n (%)

50 (29.5)

29 (30.8)

0.830

18 (30.5)

20 (33.9)

0.694

Smoking, n (%)

38 (22.4)

23 (24.4)

0.715

12 (20.3)

14 (23.7)

0.657

Alcohol, n (%)

33 (19.5)

13 (13.8)

0.244

10 (16.9)

8 (13.6)

0.609

Preoperative jaundice, n (%)

52 (30.77)

51 (54.26)

 < 0.001

31 (52.5)

29 (49.2)

0.713

Preoperative biliary drainage, n (%)

32 (18.93)

45 (47.87)

 < 0.001

23 (38.9)

23 (38.9)

1.000

ALT (median, IQR), U/L

32.8 (14.9–74.8)

77.1 (30.5–134.4)

 < 0.001

62.7 (29.0–85.6)

74.8 (25.9–143.7)

0.505

AST (median, IQR), U/L

27.3 (16.3–49.8)

44.4 (22.8–100.1)

 < 0.001

36.5 (22.8–69.6)

44.5 (20.3–95.0)

0.400

AKP (median, IQR), U/L

87.6 (64.3–244.8)

223.2 (122.6–369.5)

 < 0.001

219.7 (74.0–351.5)

192.2 (91.9–317.3)

0.921

γ-GGT(median, IQR), U/L

45.2 (19.3–298.4)

270.8 (98.9–562.7)

 < 0.001

193.3 (30.1–497.3)

215.2 (58.5–558.4)

0.669

TB (median, IQR), U/L

13.5 (8.9–56.4)

38.5 (11.5–66.3)

0.023

47.2 (9.7–105.9)

33.8 (9.4–78.1)

0.394

DB (median, IQR), U/L

4.0 (2.1–42.0)

27.5 (5.3–46.2)

0.002

34.9 (2.7–79.9)

23.6 (2.4–57.8)

0.427

Albumin (mean ± SD), g/L

39.4 ± 3.2

37.6 ± 2.6

 < 0.001

37.6 ± 3.1

38.1 ± 2.3

0.402

WBC(mean ± SD), × 109/L

5.7 ± 1.6

5.9 ± 2.0

0.422

6.2 ± 1.9

5.9 ± 2.1

0.378

Hemoglobin (mean ± SD), g/L

125.9 ± 16.8

117.1 ± 18.6

 < 0.001

117.7 ± 15.3

121.1 ± 16.1

0.245

Platelet(mean ± SD), × 109/L

214.8 ± 78.6

260.0 ± 93.7

 < 0.001

248.1 ± 95.5

233.9 ± 70.2

0.363

Surgical method, n (%)

  

0.017

  

0.059

 PD

128 (75.7)

58 (61.7)

 

45 (76.3)

35 (59.3)

 

 PPPD

41 (24.3)

36 (38.3)

 

14 (23.7)

24 (40.7)

 

Vessel resection, n (%)

  

0.023

  

NA

 No

160 (94.7)

94 (100.0)

 

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

 Yes

9 (5.3)

0 (0.0)

 

59 (100.0)

59 (100.0)

 

Pancreatic texture

  

0.010

  

0.569

 Firm

30 (17.8)

6 (6.4)

 

8 (13.6)

6 (10.2)

 

 Soft

139 (82.2)

88 (93.6)

 

51 (86.44)

53 (89.83)

 

Diameter of the MPD (mm)

3.0 (2.0–5.0)

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

0.003

3.0 (2.0–4.0)

3.0 (2.0–5.0)

0.536

Fistula risk score

5.0 (3.0–7.0)

6.0 (5.0–7.0)

0.001

6.0 (4.0–7.0)

6 (4.0–7.0)

0.434

Operating time (mean ± SD), min

382.6 ± 105.1

373.7 ± 80.6

0.446

376.5 ± 86.9

388.5 ± 75.1

0.426

Blood loss volume (median, IQR), ml

500.0 (300.0–700.0)

400.0 (300.0–600.0)

0.069

400.0 (300.0–500.0)

400 (300.0–600.0)

0.678

Blood transfusion (median, IQR), days

0.0 (0.0–737.5)

0.0 (0.0–600.0)

0.524

0.0 (0.0–750.0)

0.0 (0.0–600.0)

0.431

  1. SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile; BMI: body mass index; PS: propensity score; NA: not applicable; ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, AKP: alkaline phosphate, γ-GGT:γ-glutamyl transferase, TB: total bilirubin, DB: direct bilirubin, albumin; WBC: white blood cell; VAC: Vater’s ampullary carcinoma; PD: pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPPD: pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, MPD: main pancreatic duct