Variables | Before PS matching | After PS matching | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-VAC (n = 169) | VAC (n = 94) | P value | Non-VAC (n = 59) | VAC (n = 59) | P value | |
Age (mean ± SD), years | 60.9 ± 12.5 | 62.7 ± 11.4 | 0.251 | 60.5 ± 13.6 | 62.9 ± 10.8 | 0.306 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.945 | 0.450 | ||||
Male | 105 (62.1) | 58 (61.7) | 34 (57.6) | 38 (64.4) | ||
Female | 64 (37.9) | 36 (38.3) | 25 (42.4) | 21 (35.6) | ||
BMI (mean ± SD), kg/m2 | 23.4 ± 3.1 | 23.7 ± 3.9 | 0.591 | 22.8 ± 2.8 | 24.0 ± 3.4 | 0.060 |
Diabetic mellitus, n (%) | 34 20.1) | 13 (13.8) | 0.202 | 14 (23.7) | 10 (16.9) | 0.360 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 58 (34.3) | 31 (32.9) | 0.826 | 23 (38.9) | 21 (35.6) | 0.703 |
History of surgery, n (%) | 50 (29.5) | 29 (30.8) | 0.830 | 18 (30.5) | 20 (33.9) | 0.694 |
Smoking, n (%) | 38 (22.4) | 23 (24.4) | 0.715 | 12 (20.3) | 14 (23.7) | 0.657 |
Alcohol, n (%) | 33 (19.5) | 13 (13.8) | 0.244 | 10 (16.9) | 8 (13.6) | 0.609 |
Preoperative jaundice, n (%) | 52 (30.77) | 51 (54.26) | < 0.001 | 31 (52.5) | 29 (49.2) | 0.713 |
Preoperative biliary drainage, n (%) | 32 (18.93) | 45 (47.87) | < 0.001 | 23 (38.9) | 23 (38.9) | 1.000 |
ALT (median, IQR), U/L | 32.8 (14.9–74.8) | 77.1 (30.5–134.4) | < 0.001 | 62.7 (29.0–85.6) | 74.8 (25.9–143.7) | 0.505 |
AST (median, IQR), U/L | 27.3 (16.3–49.8) | 44.4 (22.8–100.1) | < 0.001 | 36.5 (22.8–69.6) | 44.5 (20.3–95.0) | 0.400 |
AKP (median, IQR), U/L | 87.6 (64.3–244.8) | 223.2 (122.6–369.5) | < 0.001 | 219.7 (74.0–351.5) | 192.2 (91.9–317.3) | 0.921 |
γ-GGT(median, IQR), U/L | 45.2 (19.3–298.4) | 270.8 (98.9–562.7) | < 0.001 | 193.3 (30.1–497.3) | 215.2 (58.5–558.4) | 0.669 |
TB (median, IQR), U/L | 13.5 (8.9–56.4) | 38.5 (11.5–66.3) | 0.023 | 47.2 (9.7–105.9) | 33.8 (9.4–78.1) | 0.394 |
DB (median, IQR), U/L | 4.0 (2.1–42.0) | 27.5 (5.3–46.2) | 0.002 | 34.9 (2.7–79.9) | 23.6 (2.4–57.8) | 0.427 |
Albumin (mean ± SD), g/L | 39.4 ± 3.2 | 37.6 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 | 37.6 ± 3.1 | 38.1 ± 2.3 | 0.402 |
WBC(mean ± SD), × 109/L | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 5.9 ± 2.0 | 0.422 | 6.2 ± 1.9 | 5.9 ± 2.1 | 0.378 |
Hemoglobin (mean ± SD), g/L | 125.9 ± 16.8 | 117.1 ± 18.6 | < 0.001 | 117.7 ± 15.3 | 121.1 ± 16.1 | 0.245 |
Platelet(mean ± SD), × 109/L | 214.8 ± 78.6 | 260.0 ± 93.7 | < 0.001 | 248.1 ± 95.5 | 233.9 ± 70.2 | 0.363 |
Surgical method, n (%) | 0.017 | 0.059 | ||||
PD | 128 (75.7) | 58 (61.7) | 45 (76.3) | 35 (59.3) | ||
PPPD | 41 (24.3) | 36 (38.3) | 14 (23.7) | 24 (40.7) | ||
Vessel resection, n (%) | 0.023 | NA | ||||
No | 160 (94.7) | 94 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Yes | 9 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 59 (100.0) | 59 (100.0) | ||
Pancreatic texture | 0.010 | 0.569 | ||||
Firm | 30 (17.8) | 6 (6.4) | 8 (13.6) | 6 (10.2) | ||
Soft | 139 (82.2) | 88 (93.6) | 51 (86.44) | 53 (89.83) | ||
Diameter of the MPD (mm) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 2.0 (2.0–4.0) | 0.003 | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.536 |
Fistula risk score | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 6.0 (5.0–7.0) | 0.001 | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) | 6 (4.0–7.0) | 0.434 |
Operating time (mean ± SD), min | 382.6 ± 105.1 | 373.7 ± 80.6 | 0.446 | 376.5 ± 86.9 | 388.5 ± 75.1 | 0.426 |
Blood loss volume (median, IQR), ml | 500.0 (300.0–700.0) | 400.0 (300.0–600.0) | 0.069 | 400.0 (300.0–500.0) | 400 (300.0–600.0) | 0.678 |
Blood transfusion (median, IQR), days | 0.0 (0.0–737.5) | 0.0 (0.0–600.0) | 0.524 | 0.0 (0.0–750.0) | 0.0 (0.0–600.0) | 0.431 |