Table 1 Clinical characteristic of all patients
Characteristic | Total(n = 263) |
|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD), years | 61.5 ± 12.1 |
Sex, n (%) | |
Male | 163 (62.0) |
Female | 100 (38.0) |
BMI (mean ± SD), kg/m2 | 23.5 ± 3.3 |
Diabetic mellitus, n (%) | 47 (17.9) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 89 (33.8) |
History of surgery, n (%) | 79 (30.0) |
Smoking, n (%) | 61 (23.2) |
Alcohol, n (%) | 77 (29.3) |
Preoperative jaundice, n (%) | 103 (39.2) |
Preoperative biliary drainage, n (%) | 77 (29.3) |
ALT (median, IQR), U/L | 45.5 (17.8–102.8) |
AST (median, IQR), U/L | 30.3 (17.9–63.5) |
AKP (median, IQR), U/L | 141.2 (69.5–290.2) |
γ-GGT (median, IQR), U/L | 130.6 (22.9–387.8) |
TB (median, IQR), μmol/L | 16.0 (9.2–58.6) |
DB (median, IQR), μmol/L | 6.5 (2.3–45.2) |
Albumin (mean ± SD), g/L | 38.8 ± 3.1 |
WBC(mean ± SD), × 109/L | 5.8 ± 1.8 |
Hemoglobin (mean ± SD), g/L | 122.8 ± 17.9 |
Platelet(mean ± SD), × 109/L | 230.9 ± 86.8 |
Pathology diagnosis, n (%) | |
VAC | 94 (35.7) |
PDAC | 61 (23.2) |
DCC | 24 (9.1%) |
IPMN | 25 (9.5%) |
SCN | 10 (3.8%) |
pNET | 9 (3.4%) |
SPN | 6 (2.3%) |
MCN | 4 (1.5%) |
CP | 4 (1.5%) |
Others | 26 (9.9%) |
Surgical method, n (%) | |
PD | 186 (70.7) |
PPPD | 77 (29.3) |
Vessel resection, n (%) | |
Yes | 9 (3.4) |
No | 254 (96.6) |
Pancreatic texture | |
Firm | 36 (13.7) |
Soft | 227 (86.3) |
Diameter of the MPD (mm) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) |
Fistula risk score | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) |
Operating time (mean ± SD), min | 379.4 ± 96.9 |
Blood loss volume (median, IQR), ml | 400.0 (300.0–700.0) |
Blood transfusion (median, IQR), ml | 0.0 (0.0–700.0) |
CR-POPF, n (%) | 99 (37.6) |
Biliary leakage, n (%) | 16 (6.1) |
DGE, n (%) | 94 (35.7) |
PPH, n (%) | 22 (8.4) |
Chylous fistula, n (%) | 31 (11.8) |
Major postoperative complications, n (%) | 57 (21.7) |
Wound infection, n (%) | 14 (5.3) |
Intra-abdominal infection, n (%) | 106 (40.3) |
Bacteremia, n (%) | 14 (5.3) |
Pneumonia, n (%) | 8 (3.0) |
Urinary tract infection, n (%) | 3 (1.4) |