Skip to main content

Table 4 Hazard ratios for cancer incidence and mortality by MHT dosea: multivariate analyses

From: The effect of menopausal hormone therapy on gastrointestinal cancer risk and mortality in South Korea: a population-based cohort study

 

n

Any cancer

GI cancer

Gastric cancer

HR

95% CI

P

HR

95% CI

P

HR

95% CI

P

Incidence

DDD no MHT

96,548

1.000

–

0.4709†

1.000

–

0.0002†

1.000

–

0.0223†

 ≤ 100

10,199

1.004

0.893, 1.128

0.9503

0.786

0.617, 1.002

0.0520

0.790

0.529, 1.180

0.2494

 100–300

4423

0.957

0.803, 1.139

0.6189

0.710

0.487, 1.035

0.0746

0.553

0.274, 1.116

0.0982

 300–600

2569

1.031

0.827, 1.284

0.7886

0.488

0.269, 0.884

0.0180

0.476

0.178, 1.278

0.1408

 ≥ 600

2352

0.876

0.681, 1.127

0.3031

0.545

0.292, 1.018

0.0568

0.709

0.293, 1.719

0.4471

Mortality

DDD no MHT

96,548

1.000

–

0.0052†

1.000

–

0.0064†

1.000

–

0.0264†

 ≤ 100

10,199

0.663

0.470, 0.936

0.0194

0.514

0.300, 0.881

0.0156

0.445

0.139, 1.421

0.1718

 100–300

4423

0.891

0.563, 1.410

0.6224

0.798

0.410, 1.553

0.5067

NAb

–

–

 300–600

2569

0.852

0.455, 1.595

0.6165

0.481

0.154, 1.503

0.2081

NAb

–

–

 ≥ 600

2352

0.113

0.016, 0.803

0.0294

0.213

0.030, 1.521

0.1232

NAb

–

–

 

n

Colorectal cancer

Hepatobiliary cancer

Pancreas cancer

HR

95% CI

P

HR

95% CI

P

HR

95% CI

P

Incidence

DDD no MHT

96,548

1.000

 

0.0069†

1.000

 

0.1765†

1.000

 

0.6680†

 ≤ 100

10,199

0.843

0.568, 1.251

0.3970

0.639

0.355, 1.148

0.1338

0.825

0.330, 2.065

0.6813

 100–300

4423

0.643

0.331, 1.249

0.1926

0.866

0.407, 1.845

0.7095

1.538

0.556, 4.252

0.4065

 300–600

2569

0.626

0.258, 1.515

0.2988

0.443

0.110, 1.787

0.2527

NAc

-

-

 ≥ 600

2352

0.152

0.021, 1.082

0.0600

0.874

0.278, 2.743

0.8174

0.904

0.125, 6.558

0.9203

Mortality

DDD no MHT

96,548

1.000

 

0.0672†

1.000

 

0.3329†

1.000

 

0.8495†

 ≤ 100

10,199

NAb

–

–

0.612

0.267, 1.403

0.2464

0.963

0.343, 2.705

0.9429

 100–300

4423

NAb

–

–

1.476

0.644, 3.380

0.3574

1.666

2.705, 5.411

0.3957

 300–600

2569

1.403

0.341, 5.762

0.6387

NAb

–

–

NAb

–

–

 ≥ 600

2352

NAb

–

–

0.633

0.088, 4.566

0.6505

NAb

–

–

  1. Other covariates (age group, income, region, Charlson comorbidity index, and year of study entry) were adjusted in each survival analysis
  2. CI confidence interval, DDD defined daily dose, GI gastrointestinal, HR hazard ratio, MHT menopausal hormone therapy, NA not available
  3. aUsing Landmark analysis (19,543 MHT users vs. 96,548 non-users)
  4. bThere was no death from cancer at the MHT dose
  5. cThere was no cancer diagnosis at the MHT dose
  6. †Ptrend