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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD; n = 42,320) and matched population controls (n = 182,147) on February 1, 2020

From: Risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality in patients with established chronic liver disease: a nationwide matched cohort study

Characteristic

CLD patients (n = 42,320)

Matched controls (n = 182,147)

Females, no. (%)

21,591 (51.0%)

93,906 (51.6%)

Males, no (%)

20,729 (49.0%)

88,241 (48.4%)

Age at start of follow-up1

  

 Mean (SD)

60.9 (16.0)

59.4 (15.6)

 Median (IQR)

62.8 (51.8–72.8)

61.4 (50.5–71.0)

 Range, min–max

3.1–99.7

3.2–99.8

Categories, no. (%)

  

 < 18 years

508 (1.2%)

2479 (1.4%)

 18 to < 40 years

4105 (9.7%)

19,274 (10.6%)

 40 to < 60 years

13,567 (32.1%)

62,844 (34.5%)

 ≥ 60 years

24,140 (57.0%)

97,550 (53.6%)

Country of birth, no (%)

  

 Nordic country

36,036 (85.2%)

162,473 (89.2%)

 Other

6284 (14.8%)

19,670 (10.8%)

 Missing

0

4 (0.0%)

Level of education3, no (%)

  

 ≤ 9 years

9467 (22.4%)

33,283 (18.3%)

 10–12 years

20,139 (47.6%)

83,677 (45.9%)

 > 12 years

12,567 (29.7%)

64,460 (35.4%)

 Missing

147 (0.3%)

727 (0.4%)

Index year2

  

 1969–1989

2966 (7.0%)

11,276 (6.2%)

 1990–1999

11,722 (27.7%)

47,935 (26.3%)

 2000–2009

15,979 (37.8%)

69,263 (38.0%)

 2010–2017

11,653 (27.5%)

53,673 (29.5%)

Comorbidities4, ever before index date2, no. (%)

  

 Any cardiovascular disease

5892 (13.9%)

11,509 (6.3%)

 Diabetes

2312 (5.5%)

3548 (1.9%)

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

513 (1.2%)

869 (0.5%)

 End-stage renal disease

205 (0.5%)

118 (0.1%)

 Alcohol use disorder

2450 (5.8%)

3184 (1.7%)

 Obesity/dyslipidemia

2399 (5.7%)

4026 (2.2%)

 Obstructive sleep apnea

492 (1.2%)

1490 (0.8%)

 Cancer

5832 (13.8%)

4327 (2.4%)

 Psychiatric disease

5015 (11.9%)

11,090 (6.1%)

  1. Complete covariate data were available through December 31, 2016
  2. CLD, chronic liver disease; no., number; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range
  3. 1Start date of follow-up was defined as February 1, 2020 (see “Methods”)
  4. 2The index date was defined as the date of liver biopsy confirming chronic liver disease (CLD), or the corresponding matching date among controls
  5. 3Level of education was defined in 4 categories; among subjects with missing level of education, then the highest attained education level among parents was used
  6. 4For definitions of comorbidities, see the Additional file 1