Table 4 Clinical characteristics in relation to total testosterone level
|  | TT < 142.39 ng/dL (n = 104) | TT ≥ 142.39 ng/dL (n = 56) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|
Stage of acute-on-chronic liver failure, % (n) | |||
Early stage | 9.6% (10) | 39.3% (22) |  < 0.001 |
Middle stage | 38.5% (40) | 37.5% (21) |  < 0.001 |
End stage | 51.9% (54) | 23.2% (13) |  < 0.001 |
Complications, % (n) | |||
Ascites | 80.8% (84) | 48.2% (27) |  < 0.001 |
 Mild Ascites | 49% (51) | 41.1% (23) |  < 0.001 |
 Severe Ascites | 31.7% (33) | 7.1% (4) |  < 0.001 |
Hepatic encephalopathy | 31.7% (33) | 3.6% (2) |  < 0.001 |
 Grade I or II | 12.5% (13) | 1.8% (1) |  < 0.001 |
 Grade III or IV | 19.2% (20) | 1.8% (1) |  < 0.001 |
Infection | 26.9% (28) | 28.6% (16) | 0.824 |
Acute kidney injury | 7.7% (8) | 0% (0) | 0.051 |
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 2.9% (3) | 0% (0) | 0.552 |
Laboratory data | |||
Albumin (g/dL) | 31 (28–34) | 32 (31–34) | 0.01 |
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 378 (301–468) | 309 (256–398) |  < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.0 (1.6–2.3) | 2.5 (1.9–4.9) |  < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 123 (111–133) | 128 (119–135) | 0.03 |
Platelet count (109/L) | 100 (67–126) | 120 (91–180) |  < 0.001 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 12.3 (8.2–20.1) | 9.6 (6.0–16.2) |  < 0.001 |
Sex-hormone-binding globulin (nmol/L) | 32 (25–46) | 54 (44–72) |  < 0.001 |
Free testosterone index (%) | 7.0 (5.3–9.7) | 18.0 (12.5–24.1) |  < 0.001 |
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (μg/dL) | 160 (88–310) | 127 (70–218) | 0.06 |
Cortisol (μg/dL) | 9.2 (7.1–13.2) | 8.9 (5.7–12.2) | 0.44 |
Androstenedione (ng/mL) | 3.35 (2.23–4.97) | 3.60 (2.32–4.47) | 0.69 |
Severity score | |||
MELD | 33 (29–35) | 29 (26–31) |  < 0.001 |
COSSH-ACLF | 6.7 (6.2–7.6) | 5.8 (5.5–6.3) |  < 0.001 |
Mortality, % (n) | |||
90 days | 45.2% (47) | 14.3% (8) |  < 0.001 |