Lower testosterone levels predict increasing severity and worse outcomes of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure in males

Table 3 Relationships between androgen level and severity scores in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

	Estimate (95% CI)	P value
MELD
1–Ln (total testosterone [ng/dL])	2.794 (1.740–3.848)	< 0.001
1–Ln (sex-hormone-binding globulin [nmol/L])	4.621 (2.727–6.515)	< 0.001
1–Ln (free testosterone index [%])	2.107 (0.703–3.512)	0.004
SQRT (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [μg/dL])	0.324 (0.145–0.503)	< 0.001
SQRT (cortisol [μg/dL])	1.717 (0.975–2.459)	< 0.001
SQRT (androstenedione [ng/mL])	4.982 (3.304–6.660)	< 0.001
COSSH-ACLF
1–Ln (total testosterone [ng/dL])	0.527 (0346–0.708)	< 0.001
1–Ln (sex-hormone-binding globulin [nmol/L])	1.033 (0.720–1.347)	< 0.001
1–Ln (free testosterone index [%])	0.318 (0.071–0.565)	0.012
SQRT (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [μg/dL])	0.048 (0.034–0.062)	< 0.001
SQRT (cortisol [μg/dL])	0.234 (0.103–0.364)	0.001
SQRT (androstenedione [ng/mL])	0.790 (0.492–1.089)	< 0.001

MELD Model for End-stage Liver Disease, COSSH-ACLF Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B-acute-on-chronic liver failure, SQRT Square Root
Multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index. Estimates (slopes) are given with 95% confidence intervals within parentheses

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