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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

From: Lower testosterone levels predict increasing severity and worse outcomes of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure in males

Characteristic

Healthy controls

(n = 106)

Chronic Hepatitis B

(n = 151)

HBV-ACLF

(n = 160)

HBV-ACLF (n = 160)

Early stage

(n = 32)

Middle stage

(n = 61)

End stage

(n = 67)

Age (years)

43 (35–52)

43 (35–51)

45 (36–56)

40 (32–56)

49 (39–57)

45 (37–53)

BMI (kg/m2)

23.3 (21.6–25.2)

23.4 (21.8–26.6)

24.0 (21.8–26.3)

24.0 (21.3–26.5)

23.9 (21.8–25.7)

24.2 (21.6–26.4)

Diabetes, % (n)

7.5% (8)

7.3% (11)

8.1% (13)

3.1% (1)

11.5% (7)

7.5% (5)

Hypertension, % (n)

17.0% (18)

14.6% (22)

18.1% (29)

12.5% (4)

23.0% (14)

16.4% (11)

ALT (U/L)

15 (12–21)

27 (19–35)a

234 (116–442)b

305 (182–466)

158 (101–274)c

269 (112–587)d

AST (U/L)

19 (16–22)

24 (19–32)a

129 (84–229)b

158 (78–350)

110 (75–147)c

156 (92–280)d

Albumin (g/dL)

47 (45–49)

48 (46–51)

31 (29–34)b

33 (31–36)

31 (29–33)c

31 (28–34)

Tbil (μmol/L)

11 (9–13)

13 (10–18)

350 (285–431)b

304 (264–421)

369 (290–420)

370 (305–486)

Platelet count (109/L)

222 (192–264)

193 (161–230)

106 (71–138)b

139 (108–193)

100 (73–127)c

98 (61–128)

TT (ng/dL)

567 (444–714)

573 (444–743)

101 (61–202)b

291 (129–481)

107 (59–187)c

76 (45–130)

SHBG (nmol/L)

33 (27–47)

37 (28–88)

40 (28–55)

55 (43–75)

47 (31–57)

32 (22–43)d

FTI (%)

57.3 (46.3–68.3)

53 (41–64)

9.7 (6.1–15.5)b

17.6 (9.8–25.8)

8.4 (6.4–11.9)c

8.1 (5.4–13.7)

DHEAS (μg/dL)

304 (232–380)

286 (183–364)

152 (86–283)b

183 (109–394)

106 (48–200)c

194 (97–292)d

Cortisol (μg/dL)

13.2 (9.3–16.0)

11.7 (8.9–15.7)

9.1 (6.9–12.5)b

9.4 (7.5–14.8)

8.8 (6.5–11.6)

11.1 (5.5–15.0)

Androstenedione (ng/mL)

1.7 (1.3–2.3)

1.8 (1.4–2.1)

3.5 (2.3–4.7)b

3.5 (2.9–4.8)

2.8 (1.6–3.7)

4.2 (2.6–5.6)d

  1. HBV-ACLF Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure, BMI body mass index, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, Tbil total bilirubin, TT total testosterone, SHBG sex-hormone-binding globulin, FTI free testosterone index, DHEAS dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
  2. Data are expressed as median (interquartile range; 25th and 75th percentiles) or percentage (frequency). P value < 0.05 for comparisons between chronic hepatitis B and healthy controlsa, HBV-ACLF and chronic hepatitis Bb, middle stage and early stagec, and between end stage and middle staged