Characteristic | Entire cohort (n = 241) | Discharged alive (n = 212) | Died during hospitalization (n = 29) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (year), mean ± SD | 53.4 ± 12.03 | 52.25 ± 11.5 | 61.5 ± 13.02 |
Sex, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 179 (74.3) | 162 (76.4) | 17 (58.6) |
Female | 62 (25.7) | 50 (23.6) | 12 (41.4) |
Etiology, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
Hepatitis B | 93 (38.6) | 84 (39.6) | 9 (31) |
Hepatitis C | 70 (29) | 57 (26.9) | 13 (44.8) |
Hepatitis B & C | 5 (2.1) | 5 (2.4) | 0 (0) |
NAFLD | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0) |
Alcohol | 1 (0.04) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) |
Cryptogenic | 69 (28.6) | 62 (29.25) | 7 (24.14) |
Child–Pugh, n (%) |  |  |  |
A | 53 (22) | 52 (24.5) | 1 (3.4) |
B | 96 (40) | 91 (42.9) | 5 (17.2) |
C | 92 (38) | 69 (32.5) | 23 (79.3) |
Score, median (min–max) | 9 (5–15) | 8 (5–15) | 11 (6–14) |
HCC (within the Milan Criteria), n (%) | 4 (1.7) | 4 (1.89) | 0 (0) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
Diabetes mellitus | 81 (33.6) | 67 (31.6) | 14 (48.3) |
Hypertension | 32 (13.3) | 30 (14.1) | 2 (6.9) |
Charlson comorbidities, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
None | 138 (57.3) | 124 (58.5) | 14 (48.3) |
1 | 77 (31.9) | 66 (31.1) | 11 (37.9) |
2 | 22 (9.1) | 18 (8.5) | 4 (13.8) |
≥ 3 | 4 (1.6) | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) |
Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 171 (70.9) | 157 (74) | 14 (48.3) |
Hepatic encephalopathy, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
Grade I–II | 49 (20.3) | 36 (16.9) | 13 (44.8) |
Grade III–IV | 16 (6.6) | 14 (6.6) | 2 (6.9) |
Ascites, n (%) | 57 (23.6) | 46 (21.7) | 11 (37.9) |
Bacterial infection, n (%) | 61 (25.3) | 41 (19.3) | 20 (68.9) |
Pneumonia | 53 (22) | 34 (16) | 19 (65.5) |
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | 8 (3.3) | 5 (2.3) | 3 (10.3) |
Urinary tract infection | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (3.4) |
Empyema | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.47) | 0 (0) |
Skin infection | 4 (1.7) | 4 (1.88) | 0 (0) |
Previous acute decompensation, n (%) | 48 (20) | 44 (20.7) | 4 (13.8) |
MAP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 83.7 ± 14.7 | 84.2 ± 14.6 | 80.7 ± 14.9 |
SpO2/FiO2 ratio | 461.9 (84.21–476.2) | 466.6 (84.21–476.2) | 306.2 (104.21–476.2) |
Leucocyte count (× 103/µL) | 8.4 (1.11–42.1) | 8.06 (1.11–42.1) | 13.2 (3.2–30.7) |
Neutrophil count (× 103/µL) | 5.9 (0.62–37.05) | 5.8 (0.62–37.05) | 10.2 (1.71–27.27) |
Albumin (mg/dl), mean ± SD | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.5 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 2.02 (0.4–57.8) | 1.9 (0.4–40.9) | 4.9 (0.8–57.8) |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 (0.13–9.3) | 0.9 (0.3–5.7) | 1.3 (0.13–9.3) |
Sodium (mg/dl), mean ± SD | 134.9 ± 6.4 | 135.5 ± 6.2 | 130.8 ± 6.4 |
Prothrombin time (sec) | 13.3 (9.9–120) | 12.8 (9.9–120) | 15.4 (11–42.6) |
MELD | 12.8 (6.4–43.5) | 12.4 (6.4–39.6) | 22.8 (8.4–43.5) |
MELD-Na | 15.7 (6.4–43.3) | 14.7 (6.4–39.6) | 25.9 (12.6–43.3) |
CLIF-C OF score | 7 (6–13) | 7 (6–13) | 9 (6–13) |
ACLF grade, n (%)a | Â | Â | Â |
No ACLF | 180 (74.7) | 169 (79.7) | 11 (37.9) |
Grade 1 | 44 (18.3) | 33 (15.6) | 11(37.9) |
Grade 2 | 12 (5) | 6 (2.8) | 6(20.7) |
Grade 3 | 5 (2.1) | 4 (1.9) | 1 (3.4) |
Causes of death, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
Septic shock | Â | Â | 13 (44.8) |
Hypovolemic shock | Â | Â | 2 (6.9) |
Respiratory failure | Â | Â | 8 (27.6) |
Liver failure | Â | Â | 1 (3.4) |
Cardiac arrest | Â | Â | 3 (10.3) |
Cause unknown | Â | Â | 2 (6.9) |