From: Intriguing findings of liver fibrosis following COVID-19
Parameters | Patients group | Kruskal–Wallis, p value | η2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
COVID-19 (n = 31) | Post-COVID (n = 58) | Control (n = 17) | |||
Demographics | |||||
Age, years ± SD (Min–max) | 46.1 ± 11.0 26–65 | 41.2 ± 13.4 20–66 | 42.8 ± 11.0 26–63 | 2.82 p = 0.244 | 0.01 |
Females | 48% | 47% | 47% | ||
Indicators of fibrosis | |||||
FIB-4 (IQR) | 1.45a (0.85; 3.31) | 0.59b (0.45; 0.77) | 0.62b (0.54; 1.01) | 30.17 p < 0.001 | 0.28 |
FIB-4 ≤ 1.45 | 52% | 95% | 94% | ||
FIB-4 1.46–3.24 | 19% | 3% | 6% | ||
FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 | 29% | 2% | 0% | ||
HA, ng/ml (IQR) | 51.80a (31.84; 81.50) | 35.95b (15.93; 70.18) | 26.30b (16.35; 34.80) | 11.91 p = 0.003 | 0.10 |
HA ≥ 75 ng/ml | 32% | 15% | 0% | ||
Enzymes | |||||
ALT, U/l (IQR) | 26 (14; 46) | 26 (20; 36) | 24 (20; 33) | 3.58 p = 0.167 | 0.02 |
AST, U/l (IQR) | 30a (21; 42) | 19b (17; 24) | 20b (18; 28) | 16.28 p < 0.001 | 0.14 |
LDH, U/l (IQR) | 253.5a (184.0; 374.8) | 166.0b (154.8; 190.5) | 185.0b (154.0; 212.5) | 66.99 p < 0.001 | 0.25 |
Blood cells | |||||
WBC, × 103/µl (IQR) | 5.10 (4.19; 6.99) | 5.55 (4.73; 6.44) | 6.48 (5.26; 7.52) | 3.58 p = 0.167 | 0.02 |
RBC, × 106/µl (IQR) | 4.46a (4.21; 5.02) | 4.87b (4.59; 5.15) | 4.63ab (4.30; 5.20) | 7.01 p = 0.030 | 0.05 |
Platelet, × 103/µl (IQR) | 183a (144; 212) | 248b (200; 271) | 251b (213; 294) | 16.55 p < 0.001 | 0.14 |
CD4+ T lymphocytes, cells/mm3 (IQR) | 479a (401; 682) | 830b (665; 1035) | 860b (710; 1020) | 20.14 p < 0.001 | 0.18 |
CD4+ < 400 cells/mm3 | 24% | 5% | 0% | ||
Inflammatory markers | |||||
CRP, mg/l (IQR) | 28.00a (5.90; 68.80) | 0.65b (0.31; 1.77) | 0.60ab (0.31; 2.08) | 49.00 p < 0.001 | 0.46 |
Ferritin, ng/ml (IQR) | 291.7a (142.8; 918.1) | 108.5b (72.8; 165.3) | 108.0b (47.9; 304.5) | 16.79 p < 0.001 | 0.15 |
IL-6, pg/ml (IQR) | 11.18a (5.07; 28.08) | 3.45b (2.35; 4.90) | 3.5b (2.0; 4.3) | 35.55 p < 0.001 | 0.33 |
ESR, mm/h (IQR) | 23.0a (18.0; 43.5) | 2.0b (2.0; 4.3) | 2.0b (2.0; 2.5) | 66.99 p < 0.001 | 0.64 |
Renal function | |||||
Creatinine, µmol/l (IQR) | 76 (65; 87) | 71 (65; 78) | 74 (63; 85) | 1.39 p = 0.498 | 0.01 |