Table 1 Medical history and previous medication

Cardiovascular diseases (e.g. coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, TIA, apoplex)

Metformin

Heart failure

Insulin

Diabetes mellitus

Other antidiabetics

Inflammatory bowel disease

PROTON-pump inhibitors (including occational intake)

Irritable stomach and/or bowel disease

Immune suppressors (including topical immune suppressors affecting intestinal tract)

Clostrioides difficile infection within last year

Antidepressants

Chronic constipation

Neuroleptics

Chronic diarrhea

paracetamol (including occational intake)

Liver cirrhosis

NSAIDs (including occational intake)

Cholestasis

Opiates (including occational intake)

Gastrointestinal malignancy (pancreas, liver and bile duct inclusive)

LAXATIVE (INCLUDING OCCATIONAL INTAKE)

Extraintestinal solid malignancy

Statins

Hematological malignancy

Probiotics

Bariatric surgery

Antibiotics

Other abdominal surgery

HIV

Rheumatic disease (arthritis, connective tissue disease, vasculitis)

Current alcohol use disorder

Former alcohol use disorder

Nicotine abusus