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Table 4 Comparison of the learning curve phases: RTME versus LTME

From: Comparison of the operative outcomes and learning curves between laparoscopic and “Micro Hand S” robot-assisted total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a retrospective study

 

Phase 1 (n = 51)

Phase 2 (n = 54)

RTME (n = 17)

LTME (n = 34)

p value

RTME (n = 23)

LTME (n = 31)

p value

Age (year)

56.2 ± 9.5

60.1 ± 10.1

0.189

58.3 ± 9.6

60.3 ± 11.7

0.500

Male

8 (47.1)

16 (47.1)

1.000

12 (52.2)

15 (48.4)

0.783

BMI (kg/m2)

21.8 ± 2.9

22.8 ± 4.7

0.414

21.8 ± 3.0

21.5 ± 3.5

0.735

ASA (I/II/III)

6/9/2 (35.3/52.9/11.8)

13/15/6 (38.2/44.1/17.7)

0.793

13/7/3 (56.5/30.4/13.1)

10/13/8 (32.3/41.9/25.8)

0.187

Distance from AV (cm)

8.1 ± 3.1

7.6 ± 3.2

0.588

8.3 ± 2.9

7.5 ± 3.4

0.375

CRT

1 (5.9)

3 (8.8)

1.000

4 (17.4))

2 (6.5)

0.384

Procedure type

  

1.000

  

1.000

LAR

16 (94.1)

32 (94.1)

 

22 (95.7)

29 (93.5)

 

APR

1 (5.9)

2 (5.9)

 

1 (4.3)

2 (6.5)

 

Operative time (min)

360.6 ± 40.8

338.1 ± 47.2

0.100

323.5 ± 42.6

301.9 ± 52.8

0.114

Blood loss (ml)

148.2 ± 73.8

195.0 ± 62.4

0.022

135.4 ± 65.4

180.3 ± 83.5

0.037

Conversion

1 (5.9)

2 (5.9)

1.000

0

1 (3.2)

1.000

Protective ileostomy

11 (64.7)

19 (63.3)

0.925

11 (47.8)

12 (40.0)

0.569

Hospital stay (day)

9.5 ± 3.7

12.2 ± 3.5

0.017

9.0 ± 4.0

11.6 ± 4.4

0.029

C–D grade (III–V)

1 (5.9)

2 (5.9)

1.000

2 (8.7)

2 (6.5)

1.000

Tumor size (cm)

3.3 ± 1.2

3.5 ± 1.4

0.602

3.5 ± 1.6

4.0 ± 1.6

0.221

Retrieved lymph node

15.2 ± 4.8

16.7 ± 5.7

0.369

15.4 ± 5.0

14.5 ± 4.8

0.485

pTNM (I/II/III)

1/4/12 (5.9/23.5/70.6)

5/7/22 (14.7/20.6/64.7)

0.652

3/7/13 (13.1/30.4/56.5)

8/8/15 (25.8/25.8/48.4)

0.515

DRM (cm)

2.4 ± 1.3

2.7 ± 1.5

0.545

2.4 ± 1.4

2.3 ± 1.5

0.757

Involved DRM

0

0

0

0

Involved CRM

1 (5.9)

0

0.333

1 (4.3)

0

0.426

Quality of TME

  

0.933

  

0.858

Complete

12 (70.6)

23 (67.6)

 

19 (82.6)

25 (80.6)

 

Nearly complete

4 (23.5)

8 (23.5)

 

2 (8.7)

4 (12.9)

 

Incomplete

1 (5.9)

3 (8.8)

 

2 (8.7)

2 (6.5)

 
  1. BMI body mass index, ASA American Society Anesthesia, AV anal verge, CRT chemoradiation therapy, LAR low anterior resection, APR abdominal perineal resection, DRM distal resection margin, CRM circumferential resection margin, TME total mesorectal excision. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%)