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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants at baseline examination

From: Clinical characteristics and longitudinal changes of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2 decades: the NAGALA study

 

Men

Women

Past (n = 4279)

Current (n = 8918)

p value

Past (n = 2502)

Current (n = 7361)

p value

Age (years old)

47.0 (16.0)

48.0 (16.0)

0.563

45.7 (10.1)

47.3 (14.0)

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

23.0 (3.5)

23.5 (4.0)

< 0.001

21.7 (3.0)

21.4 (3.9)

< 0.001

Obesity

20.4 (870)

23.4 (2087)

< 0.001

11.7 (292)

10.5 (771)

0.096

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

122.8 (22.5)

121.3 (19.5)

< 0.001

115.6 (18.5)

112.3 (21.0)

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

77.3 (14.5)

75.4 (15.5)

< 0.001

71.5 (11.2)

67.3 (15.0)

< 0.001

Hypertension

1.1 (48)

0.9 (82)

0.275

0.9 (23)

0.5 (34)

0.001

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.4 (0.7)

5.8 (0.7)

< 0.001

5.0 (0.9)

5.3 (0.6)

< 0.001

Hyperglycemia

21.6 (919)

42.2 (3759)

< 0.001

9.5 (237)

16.3 (1195)

< 0.001

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.6 (1.0)

1.1 (0.7)

< 0.001

1.0 (0.6)

0.7 (0.4)

< 0.001

Hypertriglyceridemia

33.5 (1432)

12.2 (1091)

< 0.001

9.4 (234)

2.3 (170)

< 0.001

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.2 (0.4)

1.5 (0.4)

< 0.001

1.4 (0.5)

1.9 (0.6)

< 0.001

Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels

35.5 (1505)

7.2 (638)

< 0.001

37.4 (926)

6.0 (439)

< 0.001

Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)

21.8 (6.0)

19.1 (9.0)

< 0.001

18.6 (4.0)

15.5 (7.0)

< 0.001

Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)

21.7 (12.0)

23.5 (13.0)

< 0.001

13.3 (6.0)

13.9 (14.8)

0.003

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (IU/L)

45.7 (34.0)

31.3 (33.4)

< 0.001

17.2 (10.0)

14.5 (6.5)

0.036

Smoking status

 Never smoker

21.6 (905)

37.2 (3269)

< 0.001

85.0 (2079)

85.9 (6285)

0.293

 Ex-smoker

25.5 (1068)

33.4 (2941)

< 0.001

4.7 (116)

8.8 (646)

< 0.001

 Current smoker

52.9 (2217)

29.4 (2585)

< 0.001

10.3 (251)

5.3 (389)

< 0.001

 Habit of exercise

18.0 (771)

20.3 (1792)

0.002

18.4 (459)

16.2 (1176)

0.013

 Alcohol consumption, g/week

131.4 (154.0)

95.4 (125.0)

< 0.001

27.3 (36.0)

24.9 (12.0)

0.172

 Nonalcoholic

78.9 (3374)

85.2 (7602)

< 0.001

96.0 (2403)

95.2 (7009)

0.083

  (None or minimal)

51.2 (2189)

63.4 (5656)

 < 0.001

81.5 (2039)

84.7 (6234)

< 0.001

  (Light)

27.7 (1185)

21.8 (1946)

< 0.001

14.5 (364)

10.5 (775)

< 0.001

 Intermediate

15.3 (653)

10.8 (967)

< 0.001

2.8 (71)

2.9 (214)

0.858

 Alcoholic

5.9 (252)

3.9 (349)

0.002

1.1 (28)

1.9 (138)

0.008

 Fatty liver

22.5 (963)

31.2 (2785)

< 0.001

8.4 (211)

9.9 (721)

0.035

 NAFLD

18.5 (792)

27.1 (2412)

< 0.001

8.0 (199)

9.4 (691)

0.024

 NAFLD fibrosis score

− 2.27 (1.13)

− 2.38 (1.19)

< 0.001

− 2.22 (1.05)

− 2.60 (1.08)

< 0.001

 Fib4 index

1.08 (0.51)

0.93 (0.53)

< 0.001

1.07 (0.45)

0.88 (0.47)

< 0.001

  1. Data are expressed as median (IQR) or % (number) of subjects
  2. p values by one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables
  3. BMI, body mass index; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease