Table 2 Cox regression analysis of overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma of different BCLC stages

Sex

 Female

1

1

1

1

 Male

0.70 (0.85–1.98)

0.79

0.81 (0.64–1.03)

0.95 (0.68–1.31)

0.90 (0.67–1.21)

Age (years)

 < 60

1

1

1

1

 ≥ 60

0.83 (0.61–1.11)

0.22

0.84 (0.64–1.09)

0.71 (0.50–1.01)

0.81 (0.59–1.09)

Smoking

 Yes

1

1

1

1

 No

0.52 (0.22–1.23)

0.14

0.59 (0.08–4.41)

0.89 (0.37–2.20)

0.81 (0.30–2.19)

Alcohol use

 Yes

1

1

1

1

 No

0.70 (0.10–6.25)

0.67

0.75 (0.10–5.59)

0.82 (0.55–1.22)

0.52 (0.19–1.42)

HBV

 Negative

1

1

1

1

 Positive

0.30 (0.04–1.21)

0.25

0.22 (0.03–1.62)

0.43 (0.27–0.71)

0.40 (0.27–0.58)

HCV

 Negative

1

1

1

 Positive

0.95 (0.73–1.10)

0.49

0.51 (0.07–3.78)

0.88 (0.66–1.18)

0.89 (0.41–1.12)

Cirrhosis

 Absent

1

1

1

1

 Present

0.60 (0.42–0.72)

0.006

0.55 (0.39–0.78)

0.91 (0.59–1.40)

0.87 (0.53–1.43)

Child-Pugh class

 A

1

1

1

 B

0.55 (0.43–0.71)

0.41 (0.28–0.61)

0.40 (0.29–0.55)

Tumor size

0.98 (0.97–1.01)

0.238

1.06 (0.94–1.20)

1.03 (0.92–1.15)

0.98 (0.96–1.01)

Tumor number

0.95 (0.96–1.02)

0.058

1.01 (0.83–1.20)

1.06 (0.91–1.24)

0.94 (0.94–1.05)

Treatment

 Non-surgery

1

1

1

1

 Surgery

2.31 (1.22–4.61)

0.019

1.41 (1.17–1.70)

2.10 (1.56–2.82)

3.10 (2.02–4.70)