Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants
Total patients (n = 1216) | Chloride < 99 mEq/L (n = 199) | Chloride ≥ 99 mEq/L (n = 1017) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 56 (49–65) | 54 (49–63) | 57 (50–65) | 0.056 |
Male, n (%) | 821 (67.5) | 129 (64.8) | 692 (68.0) | 0.375 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.087 | |||
White | 845 (69.5) | 150 (75.4) | 695 (68.3) | |
Black | 88 (7.2) | 8 (4.0) | 80 (7.9) | |
Hispanic | 69 (5.7) | 7 (3.5) | 62 (6.1) | |
Other | 214 (17.6) | 34 (17.1) | 180 (17.7) | |
ICU type, n (%) | 0.157 | |||
MICU | 741 (60.9) | 130 (65.3) | 611 (60.1) | |
SICU/TSICU | 362 (29.8) | 48 (24.1) | 314 (30.9) | |
CCU/CSRU | 113 (9.3) | 21 (10.6) | 92 (9.1) | |
Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%) | 0.165 | |||
Alcoholic | 593 (48.8) | 106 (53.3) | 487 (47.9) | |
Non-alcoholic | 623 (51.2) | 93 (46.7) | 530 (52.1) | |
Elixhauser comorbidity index | 19 (12–30) | 25 (17–32) | 19 (11–29) | < 0.001 |
MELD score | 18 (13–27) | 26 (18–38) | 17 (13–25) | < 0.001 |
SOFA score | 7 (4–10) | 8 (6–12) | 6 (4–9) | < 0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 568 (46.7) | 81 (40.7) | 487 (47.9) | 0.063 |
Vasopressors, n (%) | 311 (25.6) | 62 (31.2) | 249 (24.5) | 0.049 |
Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 50 (4.1) | 17 (8.5) | 33 (3.2) | 0.001 |
Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 240 (19.7) | 79 (39.7) | 161 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
Blood tests results | ||||
Chloride, mEq/L | 105 (101–109) | 95 (92–97) | 107 (103–110) | < 0.001 |
Sodium, mEq/L | 137 (134–141) | 129 (125–133) | 139 (136–141) | < 0.001 |
Bilirubin, mg/dL | 3.0 (1.5–7.1) | 6.2 (2.1–17.0) | 2.8 (1.4–5.6) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.4 (0.9–2.7) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | < 0.001 |
International normalized ratio | 1.6 (1.4–2.0) | 1.9 (1.5–2.7) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.2 (9.0–11.5) | 10.2 (8.9–11.7) | 10.2 (9.0–11.5) | 0.769 |
Platelet, 109/L | 106 (71–157) | 106 (71–156) | 106 (71–157) | 0.986 |
White blood cell, 109/L | 8.7 (5.5–13.6) | 9.9 (7.1–15.8) | 8.4 (5.3–13.0) | < 0.001 |
Outcome | ||||
ICU mortality, n (%) | 229 (18.8) | 68 (34.2) | 161 (15.8) | < 0.001 |