Normalization of γ-glutamyl transferase levels is associated with better metabolic control in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Ma, Qianqian; Liao, Xianhua; Shao, Congxiang; Lin, Yansong; Wu, Tingfeng; Sun, Yanhong; Feng, Shi-Ting; Ye, Junzhao; Zhong, Bihui

doi:10.1186/s12876-021-01790-w

Table 2 Biochemical and metabolic changes from baseline to month 12 in 486 patients with NAFLD presenting abnormal levels of both GGT and ALT at baseline

From: Normalization of γ-glutamyl transferase levels is associated with better metabolic control in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Variables	Both GGT and ALT normalization (N = 53)	ALT normalization only (N = 53)	GGT normalization only (N = 73)	Both GGT and ALT abnormal (N = 307)	P	Post-hoc
Variables	Both GGT and ALT normalization (N = 53)	ALT normalization only (N = 53)	GGT normalization only (N = 73)	Both GGT and ALT abnormal (N = 307)	P	1^a versus 2^a	1^a versus 3^a	1^a versus 4^a	2^a versus 3^a	2^a versus 4^a	3^a versus 4^a
Weight change (kg	− 6.3 ± 12.1	− 0.1 ± 4.0	− 2.1 ± 4.0	− 0.5 ± 2.7	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.06	0.61	0.04
Weight change (%)	− 6.7 ± 9.5	0.1 ± 6.0	− 2.6 ± 4.9	− 0.6 ± 3.3	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.01	0.43	0.01
BMI (kg/m²)	− 2.2 ± 4.5	− 0.1 ± 0.8	− 0.7 ± 1.4	− 0.2 ± 1.0	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.10	0.88	0.03
Waist-hip ratio	− 0.03 ± 0.1	− 0.01 ± 0.1	− 0.01 ± 0.1	− 0.01 ± 0.1	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.001	0.92	0.70	0.75
ALT (U/L)	− 57 (− 74,− 32)	− 43 (− 73,− 23)	− 62 (− 96,− 25)	− 9 (− 41,0)	0.01	0.79	0.55	0.04	0.37	0.09	0.001
AST (U/L)	− 21 (− 30,− 7)	− 15 (− 34,− 3)	− 19 (− 50,− 5)	0 (− 17,2)	0.01	0.45	0.36	0.14	0.92	0.01	0.01
GGT (U/L)	− 46 (− 60,− 33)	− 27 (− 96,0)	− 33 (− 50,− 22)	− 5 (− 42,0)	0.01	0.12	0.63	0.28	0.22	0.01	0.05
ALP (U/L)	− 5 (− 12,0)	0 (− 13,5)	0 (− 16,6)	0 (− 7,2)	0.28
TBil (umol/L)	− 0.8 ± 5.5	− 4.8 ± 13.6	0.3 ± 5.1	− 0.6 ± 7.6	0.11
DBil (umol/L)	− 0.4 ± 2.7	− 1.6 ± 6.2	− 0.2 ± 1.9	− 0.3 ± 3.3	0.20
TBA (umol/L)	− 0.1 ± 2.8	− 0.7 ± 3.5	− 0.2 ± 2.0	− 0.4 ± 6.7	0.97
LDH (U/L)	− 10.4 ± 48.0	− 7.9 ± 25.1	− 12.1 ± 34.0	− 6.6 ± 28.9	0.69
CHE (U/L)	− 344 (− 1431,− 179)	− 179 (− 334,0)	− 344 (− 806,− 179)	− 344 (− 334,0)	0.01	0.001	0.13	0.01	0.02	0.06	0.32
LAP (U/L)	− 2.1 ± 20.4	− 7.2 ± 15.4	− 3.1 ± 12.1	− 4.5 ± 16.6	0.57
GLDH (U/L)	− 0.8 ± 6.9	− 1.3 ± 5.7	− 1.3 ± 3.9	− 1.1 ± 7.1	0.98
FIB-4 index	0.1 ± 1.1	− 0.1 ± 0.3	− 0.1 ± 0.4	0.1 ± 0.6	0.80
UA (umol/L)	− 29 (− 100,0)	− 3 (− 92,15)	− 19 (− 61,0)	0 (− 24,0)	0.13
CHOL (mmol/L)	− 1.0 ± 1.7	− 0.2 ± 1.1	− 0.7 ± 1.5	− 0.3 ± 1.2	0.02	0.02	0.27	0.01	0.14	0.70	0.10
TG (mmol/L)	− 0.6 ± 1.2	− 0.3 ± 0.7	− 0.4 ± 0.9	− 0.2 ± 0.9	0.33
HDL-C (mmol/L)	− 0.1 ± 0.3	− 0.1 ± 0.2	− 0.1 ± 0.4	− 0.1 ± 0.5	0.84
LDL-C (mmol/L)	− 0.7 ± 1.2	− 0.2 ± 0.7	− 0.3 ± 0.8	− 0.1 ± 0.9	0.01	0.04	0.04	0.001	0.84	0.54	0.31
FFA (mmol/L)	− 56 (− 226,0)	− 0 (− 56,0)	0 (− 56,0)	− 53 (− 56,0)	0.05
APOA (mmol/L)	− 0.1 ± 0.3	0.1 ± 0.3	− 0.1 ± 0.2	− 0.1 ± 0.2	0.46
APOB (mmol/L)	− 0.1 ± 0.3	− 0.1 ± 0.2	− 0.1 ± 0.2	− 0.2 ± 0.2	0.66
APOE (mmol/L)	− 8 (− 14,0)	− 1 (− 7,0)	− 1 (− 9,0)	0 (− 7,0)	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.38	0.49	0.67
LPA (mmol/L)	7 (0,42)	6 (0,27)	0 (− 11,16)	0 (0,11)	0.62
FBG (mmol/L)	− 0.4 ± 1.5	− 0.2 ± 1.0	− 0.3 ± 0.6	− 0.2 ± 0.6	0.23
FINS (uU/mL)	− 2.0 ± 4.5	− 1.2 ± 3.6	− 0.2 ± 3.4	0.1 ± 4.2	0.04	0.41	0.05	0.01	0.27	0.11	0.74
HOMA-IR	− 0.7 ± 1.2	− 0.5 ± 1.0	− 0.2 ± 0.9	− 0.1 ± 1.1	0.01	0.57	0.04	0.01	0.15	0.03	0.63

Data are median (first quartile, third quartile) or mean ± SD (standard deviation)
^a1—both GGT and ALT normalization group; 2—ALT normalization only group; 3—GGT normalization only group; 4—both GGT and ALT abnormal group

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