Variables | Both GGT and ALT abnormal (N = 486) | ALT Abnormal only (N = 281) | GGT Abnormal only (N = 151) | Both GGT and ALT normal (N = 130) | P | Post-hoc | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1d versus 2d | 1d versus 3d | 1d versus 4d | 2d versus 3d | 2d versus 4d | 3d versus 4d | ||||||
Age (years) | 40.4 ± 12.5 | 44.1 ± 13.3 | 48.1 ± 11.2 | 48.2 ± 11.6 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.04 | < 0.001 | 0.96 |
Male, n (%) | 370 (76.1) | 162 (57.7) | 126 (83.4) | 86 (66.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.06 | 0.02 | < 0.001 | 0.10 | 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (24.4,28.1) | 26.4 (24.2,28.2) | 25.3 (22.0,26.7) | 25.3 (23.2,27.1) | < 0.001 | 0.83 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.45 |
Waist-hip ratio | 0.90 (0.86,0.94) | 0.89 (0.85,0.92) | 0.91 (0.88,0.94) | 0.89 (0.84,0.92) | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.01 |
Smoke, n (%) | 94 (19.3) | 29 (10.3) | 43 (28.5) | 16 (12.3) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.06 | < 0.001 | 0.55 | 0.001 |
Complication, n (%) | |||||||||||
Type 2 diabetes | 37 (7.6) | 22 (7.8) | 5 (3.3) | 13 (10.0) | 0.16 | ||||||
Hypertension | 153 (31.5) | 89 (31.7) | 43 (28.5) | 36 (27.7) | 0.76 | ||||||
Liver biochemistry | |||||||||||
GGT (U/L) | 88 (65,144) | 32 (26,42) | 78 (59,129) | 24 (18,32) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.04 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.51 | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 80 (51,125) | 41 (32,58) | 22 (18,26) | 19 (15,25) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.03 | < 0.001 | 0.89 |
AST (U/L) | 45 (33,69) | 31 (25,40) | 22 (20,28) | 20 (18,24) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.38 | 0.01 | 0.61 |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 83 (69,98) | 73 (62,86) | 81 (71,92) | 70 (56,84) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.04 | < 0.001 | 0.56 | 0.36 | 0.28 |
Total bilirubin (umol/L) | 13.4 (10.5,17.5) | 12.2 (9.9,17.4) | 10.7 (9.1,16.3) | 12.9 (9.7,16.5) | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.60 | 0.81 | 0.70 |
Direct bilirubin (umol/L) | 2.6 (1.9,3.5) | 2.3 (1.8,3.4) | 3.1 (1.7,3.4) | 2.2 (1.7,3.0) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.78 |
Total bile acid (umol/L) | 2.9 (1.9,5.6) | 2.1 (1.4,2.8) | 2.8 (2.1,3.9) | 2.3 (1.6,4.0) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.50 | 0.01 | 0.51 | 0.88 | 0.46 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 197 (174,224) | 190 (171,218) | 175 (162,199) | 187 (165,203) | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.001 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.55 |
Choline esterase (U/L) | 8936 (7878,9943) | 8903 (8041,9912) | 8197 (7596,9788) | 9086 (8174,9887) | 0.08 | ||||||
Leucine arylamidase (U/L) | 73 (65,91) | 58 (51,65) | 76 (65,90) | 53 (49,60) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.70 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.25 | < 0.001 |
Glutamate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 9.6 (5.3,13.9) | 4.9 (2.8,7.8) | 5.6 (4.2,7.4) | 2.8 (2.1,4.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.01 | < 0.001 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
FIB-4 index | 0.82 (0.53,1.16) | 0.76 (0.55,1.12) | 1.14 (0.82,1.38) | 0.84 (0.61,1.15) | 0.51 | ||||||
Metabolism | |||||||||||
Uric acid (umol/L) | 429 (364,493) | 399 (325,463) | 417 (360,482) | 374 (314,440) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.83 | < 0.001 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.01 |
Hyperuricemia, n (%) | 291 (59.9) | 142 (50.5) | 80 (52.9) | 52 (40.0) | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.13 | < 0.001 | 0.63 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.5 (4.9,6.2) | 5.3 (4.7,5.9) | 5.6 (4.7,6.4) | 5.5 (4.8,6.3) | 0.07 | ||||||
Hyper-cholesterol, n (%) | 211 (43.4) | 87 (31.0) | 70 (46.4) | 54 (41.5) | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.53 | 0.70 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.42 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 2.0 (1.4,2.6) | 1.7 (1.2,2.2) | 2.0 (1.5,3.2) | 1.7 (1.2,2.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.01 | < 0.001 | 0.42 | 0.001 |
Hyper-triglyceride, n (%) | 294 (60.5) | 134 (47.7) | 95 (62.9) | 95 (62.9) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.59 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.01 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.1 (1.0,1.4) | 1.1 (1.0,1.3) | 1.1 (1.0,1.3) | 1.2 (1.0,1.4) | 0.58 | ||||||
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.5 (2.9,4.0) | 3.4 (2.9,4.0) | 3.3 (2.7,3.9) | 3.5 (2.8,4.1) | 0.76 | ||||||
Free fatty acid (mmol/L) | 576 (426,731) | 545 (437,702) | 529 (414,619) | 522 (427,595) | 0.61 | ||||||
Apolipoprotein-A (mmol/L) | 1.2 (1.2,1.4) | 1.2 (1.1,1.4) | 1.3 (1.2,1.5) | 1.3 (1.2,1.4) | 0.50 | ||||||
Apolipoprotein-B (mmol/L) | 1.0 (0.9,1.2) | 1.0 (0.8,1.1) | 1.0 (0.8,1.2) | 1.0 (0.8,1.1) | 0.13 | ||||||
Apolipoprotein-E (mmol/L) | 48 (41,53) | 45 (36,51) | 47 (42,53) | 44 (36,52) | 0.18 | ||||||
Lipoprotein-a (mmol/L) | 165 (76,206) | 189 (72,232) | 177 (64,276) | 176 (78,232) | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.65 | 0.53 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 (4.8,5.7) | 5.2 (4.8,5.5) | 5.4 (4.8,6.0) | 5.2 (4.8,5.6) | 0.47 | ||||||
Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | 11.0 (8.5,12.8) | 10.5 (8.0,12.1) | 9.9 (7.2,11.0) | 9.6 (6.0,11.0) | < 0.001 | 0.06 | 0.01 | < 0.001 | 0.08 | < 0.001 | 0.51 |
HOMA-IR | 2.6 (1.9,3.1) | 2.6 (1.8,2.8) | 2.5 (1.9,2.6) | 2.2 (1.4,2.6) | < 0.001 | 0.11 | 0.02 | < 0.001 | 0.12 | 0.001 | 0.71 |
LFCa (%) | 15.2 (9.0,23.2) | 15.5 (9.8,20.9) | 8.3 (6.8,14.2) | 9.4 (6.9,12.7) | < 0.001 | 0.55 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.01 | < 0.001 | 0.81 |
PFCb (%) | 2.4 (1.6,3.6) | 2.3 (1.6,3.2) | 1.9 (1.7,3.2) | 2.3 (1.5,3.2) | 0.64 | ||||||
ASFTc (mm) | 22 (17,28) | 25 (20,31) | 20 (17,26) | 22 (18,29) | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.63 | 0.43 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.41 |
Medication metabolism | |||||||||||
Anti-hyperlipidemic drug, n (%) | 146 (30.0) | 85 (30.2) | 48 (31.8) | 39 (30.0) | 0.98 | ||||||
Anti-Diabetes drug, n (%) | 31 (6.4) | 17 (6.0) | 5 (3.3) | 8 (6.1) | 0.56 | ||||||
Uric acid lowering drug, n (%) | 38 (7.8) | 24 (8.5) | 12 (8.0) | 10 (7.7) | 0.98 |