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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of studied patients with chronic liver disease

From: Nomogram for predicting advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease

Variables

Total (n = 701)

Training cohort (n = 427)

 

Training set (n = 427)

Validation set (n = 274)

P value

S0–S2 (n = 238)

S3–S4 (n = 189)

P value

Age, years

37 (31–46)

36 (30–46)

0.171

38 (31–46)

37 (31–45)

0.488

Male, n (%)

284 (66.5)

181 (66.1)

0.902

158 (66.4)

129 (68.3)

0.683

Aetiology

      

 Chronic hepatitis B, n (%)

263 (61.6)

220 (80.3)

< 0.001

135 (56.8)

128 (67.7)

0.020

 Chronic hepatitis C, n (%)

40 (9.4)

8 (3.0)

0.001

20 (8.4)

20 (10.7)

0.552

 NAFLD, n (%)

43 (10.1)

30 (10.9)

0.710

31 (13.0)

12 (6.3)

0.023

 Alcoholic liver disease, n (%)

30 (7.0)

5 (1.8)

0.002

25 (10.5)

5 (2.6)

0.002

 Autoimmune hepatitis, n (%)

51 (11.9)

11 (4.0)

< 0.001

27 (11.3)

24 (12.7)

0.668

Blood parameters

 ALT, U/L

56.00 (31.00–123.00)

67.00 (28.00–148.50)

0.320

50.50 (23.00–112.50)

66.00 (38.00–143.50)

0.002

 AST, U/L

41.00 (26.00–76.00)

41.00 (24.00–96.25)

0.378

33.50 (22.00–62.25)

50.00 (31.00–89.50)

< 0.001

 ALP, U/L

77.00 (64.00–93.00)

75.00 (63.00–99.00)

0.574

72.00 (59.75–86.25)

85.00 (67.00–101.50)

< 0.001

 GGT, U/L

35.00 (19.00–67.00)

35.00 (19.00–86.00)

0.500

26.00 (16.00–47.00)

49.00 (28.50–85.00)

< 0.001

 TBil, μmol/L

15.05 (11.10–19.85)

14.60 (10.08–20.28)

0.800

14.40 (11.15–18.85)

15.70 (11.10–21.70)

0.054

 DBil μmol/L

5.50 (4.10–7.50)

5.25 (3.70–8.13)

0.414

5.25 (4.00–6.80)

6.10 (4.60–8.70)

< 0.001

 Albumin, g/L

42.00 (39.20–44.50)

42.20 (39.88–44.53)

0.403

42.80 (40.20–45.25)

41.00 (38.20–43.75)

< 0.001

 Globulin, g/L

29.00 (26.00–32.00)

27.00 (24.00–30.00)

< 0.001

29.00 (26.00–32.00)

30.00 (26.50–33.00)

0.034

 Prealbumin, g/L

200.20 (151.00–249.35)

209.00 (145.00–258.00)

0.389

217.00 (170.25–269.00)

170.00 (127.50–218.00)

< 0.001

 Total bile acid, μmol/L

8.75 (4.20–15.60)

9.70 (5.50–20.75)

0.003

6.70 (3.50–12.00)

11.80 (6.60–20.60)

< 0.001

 FBG, mmol/L,

4.79 (4.49–5.21)

4.90 (4.57–5.32)

0.060

4.82 (4.57–5.24)

4.74 (4.46–5.15)

0.032

 TC, mmol/L

4.14 (3.66–4.83)

4.07 (3.57–4.67)

0.106

4.27 (3.79–4.89)

3.98 (3.50–4.68)

0.001

 TG, mmol/L

0.93 (0.71–1.24)

1.00 (0.75–1.40)

0.022

0.96 (0.75–1.31)

0.88 (0.70–1.11)

0.006

 HDL, mmol/L

1.32 (1.06–1.64)

1.32 (1.06–1.54)

0.278

1.34 (1.04–1.63)

1.31 (1.08–1.67)

0.930

 LDL mmol/L

2.60 (2.11–3.18)

2.45 (2.02–3.07)

0.017

2.70 (2.27–3.32)

2.40 (2.01–2.91)

< 0.001

 Urea, mmol/L

314.00 (257.00–370.18)

  

314.80 (248.05–381.50)

312.55 (268.38–356.08)

0.682

 Creatinine, μmol/L

65.25 (55.17–75.10)

68.10 (56.30–77.20)

0.124

63.75 (55.50–74.50)

67.15 (54.50–75.73)

0.330

 Prothrombin time, s

13.80 (13.20–14.40)

13.60 (13.00–14.30)

0.021

13.50 (13.10–14.00)

14.10 (13.50–15.00)

< 0.001

 INR

1.05 (1.00–1.12)

1.05 (0.99–1.10)

0.075

1.03 (0.99–1.08)

1.09 (1.03–1.17)

< 0.001

 APTT, s

38.60 (36.30–41.20)

38.65 (35.83–41.78)

0.877

37.70 (35.60–40.00)

39.80 (37.30–42.20)

< 0.001

 Fibrinogen, g/L

2.50 (2.17–2.79)

2.38 (2.04–2.64)

0.001

2.59 (2.25–2.90)

2.36 (2.09–2.62)

< 0.001

 Thrombin time, s

17.70 (17.00–18.50)

17.80 (17.00–18.70)

0.508

17.45 (16.90–18.23)

18.10 (17.30–18.80)

< 0.001

 WBC count, × 109/L

5.28 (4.23–6.27)

5.24 (4.33–6.25)

0.595

5.41 (4.39–6.45)

5.14 (4.12–6.14)

0.057

 RBC count, × 109/L

4.65 (4.26–5.01)

4.56 (4.12–4.93)

0.004

4.75 (4.35–5.06)

4.54 (4.12–4.95)

0.003

 Platelet count, × 109/L

159.00 (130.00–195.00)

152.50 (122.00–185.25)

0.066

177.00 (150.00–207.25)

140.00 (98.50–171.50)

< 0.001

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

145.00 (132.00–156.00)

141.00 (128.00–154.00)

0.014

147.00 (133.75–157.00)

143.00 (129.00–155.00)

0.118

 Neutrophils count, × 109/L

2.84 (2.18–3.58)

2.69 (2.07–3.42)

0.083

2.98 (2.35–3.65)

2.62 (1.98–3.53)

0.002

Biochemical scores

 Hyaluronic, ng/ml

61.35 (44.43–94.09)

74.98 (46.37–117.55)

0.004

52.18 (40.58–73.89)

84.50 (53.87–140.50)

< 0.001

 Cholyglycine, ug/ml

2.65 (1.48–5.26)

2.30 (1.38–5.79)

0.365

1.98 (1.11–4.46)

3.65 (2.03–7.49)

< 0.001

 Laminin, ng/ml

19.17 (10.01–30.40)

31.35 (23.48–41.08)

< 0.001

14.96 (8.25–23.47)

25.46 (16.03–38.31)

< 0.001

 PIIINP, ng/ml

26.50 (19.06–39.64)

27.45 (21.99–37.71)

0.065

21.10 (16.43–27.57)

38.06 (27.16–53.96)

< 0.001

 Type IV collagen, ng/ml

26.11 (19.05–37.80)

25.90 (20.78–36.35)

0.410

21.60 (15.67–26.96)

37.10 (26.77–53.11)

< 0.001

 APRI

0.68 (0.38–1.37)

0.75 (0.38–1.83)

0.095

0.49 (0.29–0.94)

0.97 (0.58–1.82)

< 0.001

 FIB-4

1.33 (0.92–2.15)

1.32 (0.95–2.26)

0.444

1.17 (0.85–1.66)

1.69 (1.07–3.00)

< 0.001

 GPR

0.23 (0.11–0.50)

0.55 (0.26–1.33)

< 0.001

0.15 (0.08–0.29)

0.38 (0.21–0.81)

< 0.001

  1. NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptadase; TBil, total bilirubin; DBil, direct bilirubin; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDC, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; INR, international normalized ratio; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time