From: Nomogram for predicting advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease
Variables | Total (n = 701) | Training cohort (n = 427) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Training set (n = 427) | Validation set (n = 274) | P value | S0–S2 (n = 238) | S3–S4 (n = 189) | P value |
Age, years | 37 (31–46) | 36 (30–46) | 0.171 | 38 (31–46) | 37 (31–45) | 0.488 |
Male, n (%) | 284 (66.5) | 181 (66.1) | 0.902 | 158 (66.4) | 129 (68.3) | 0.683 |
Aetiology | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Chronic hepatitis B, n (%) | 263 (61.6) | 220 (80.3) | < 0.001 | 135 (56.8) | 128 (67.7) | 0.020 |
 Chronic hepatitis C, n (%) | 40 (9.4) | 8 (3.0) | 0.001 | 20 (8.4) | 20 (10.7) | 0.552 |
 NAFLD, n (%) | 43 (10.1) | 30 (10.9) | 0.710 | 31 (13.0) | 12 (6.3) | 0.023 |
 Alcoholic liver disease, n (%) | 30 (7.0) | 5 (1.8) | 0.002 | 25 (10.5) | 5 (2.6) | 0.002 |
 Autoimmune hepatitis, n (%) | 51 (11.9) | 11 (4.0) | < 0.001 | 27 (11.3) | 24 (12.7) | 0.668 |
Blood parameters | ||||||
 ALT, U/L | 56.00 (31.00–123.00) | 67.00 (28.00–148.50) | 0.320 | 50.50 (23.00–112.50) | 66.00 (38.00–143.50) | 0.002 |
 AST, U/L | 41.00 (26.00–76.00) | 41.00 (24.00–96.25) | 0.378 | 33.50 (22.00–62.25) | 50.00 (31.00–89.50) | < 0.001 |
 ALP, U/L | 77.00 (64.00–93.00) | 75.00 (63.00–99.00) | 0.574 | 72.00 (59.75–86.25) | 85.00 (67.00–101.50) | < 0.001 |
 GGT, U/L | 35.00 (19.00–67.00) | 35.00 (19.00–86.00) | 0.500 | 26.00 (16.00–47.00) | 49.00 (28.50–85.00) | < 0.001 |
 TBil, μmol/L | 15.05 (11.10–19.85) | 14.60 (10.08–20.28) | 0.800 | 14.40 (11.15–18.85) | 15.70 (11.10–21.70) | 0.054 |
 DBil μmol/L | 5.50 (4.10–7.50) | 5.25 (3.70–8.13) | 0.414 | 5.25 (4.00–6.80) | 6.10 (4.60–8.70) | < 0.001 |
 Albumin, g/L | 42.00 (39.20–44.50) | 42.20 (39.88–44.53) | 0.403 | 42.80 (40.20–45.25) | 41.00 (38.20–43.75) | < 0.001 |
 Globulin, g/L | 29.00 (26.00–32.00) | 27.00 (24.00–30.00) | < 0.001 | 29.00 (26.00–32.00) | 30.00 (26.50–33.00) | 0.034 |
 Prealbumin, g/L | 200.20 (151.00–249.35) | 209.00 (145.00–258.00) | 0.389 | 217.00 (170.25–269.00) | 170.00 (127.50–218.00) | < 0.001 |
 Total bile acid, μmol/L | 8.75 (4.20–15.60) | 9.70 (5.50–20.75) | 0.003 | 6.70 (3.50–12.00) | 11.80 (6.60–20.60) | < 0.001 |
 FBG, mmol/L, | 4.79 (4.49–5.21) | 4.90 (4.57–5.32) | 0.060 | 4.82 (4.57–5.24) | 4.74 (4.46–5.15) | 0.032 |
 TC, mmol/L | 4.14 (3.66–4.83) | 4.07 (3.57–4.67) | 0.106 | 4.27 (3.79–4.89) | 3.98 (3.50–4.68) | 0.001 |
 TG, mmol/L | 0.93 (0.71–1.24) | 1.00 (0.75–1.40) | 0.022 | 0.96 (0.75–1.31) | 0.88 (0.70–1.11) | 0.006 |
 HDL, mmol/L | 1.32 (1.06–1.64) | 1.32 (1.06–1.54) | 0.278 | 1.34 (1.04–1.63) | 1.31 (1.08–1.67) | 0.930 |
 LDL mmol/L | 2.60 (2.11–3.18) | 2.45 (2.02–3.07) | 0.017 | 2.70 (2.27–3.32) | 2.40 (2.01–2.91) | < 0.001 |
 Urea, mmol/L | 314.00 (257.00–370.18) |  |  | 314.80 (248.05–381.50) | 312.55 (268.38–356.08) | 0.682 |
 Creatinine, μmol/L | 65.25 (55.17–75.10) | 68.10 (56.30–77.20) | 0.124 | 63.75 (55.50–74.50) | 67.15 (54.50–75.73) | 0.330 |
 Prothrombin time, s | 13.80 (13.20–14.40) | 13.60 (13.00–14.30) | 0.021 | 13.50 (13.10–14.00) | 14.10 (13.50–15.00) | < 0.001 |
 INR | 1.05 (1.00–1.12) | 1.05 (0.99–1.10) | 0.075 | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 1.09 (1.03–1.17) | < 0.001 |
 APTT, s | 38.60 (36.30–41.20) | 38.65 (35.83–41.78) | 0.877 | 37.70 (35.60–40.00) | 39.80 (37.30–42.20) | < 0.001 |
 Fibrinogen, g/L | 2.50 (2.17–2.79) | 2.38 (2.04–2.64) | 0.001 | 2.59 (2.25–2.90) | 2.36 (2.09–2.62) | < 0.001 |
 Thrombin time, s | 17.70 (17.00–18.50) | 17.80 (17.00–18.70) | 0.508 | 17.45 (16.90–18.23) | 18.10 (17.30–18.80) | < 0.001 |
 WBC count, × 109/L | 5.28 (4.23–6.27) | 5.24 (4.33–6.25) | 0.595 | 5.41 (4.39–6.45) | 5.14 (4.12–6.14) | 0.057 |
 RBC count, × 109/L | 4.65 (4.26–5.01) | 4.56 (4.12–4.93) | 0.004 | 4.75 (4.35–5.06) | 4.54 (4.12–4.95) | 0.003 |
 Platelet count, × 109/L | 159.00 (130.00–195.00) | 152.50 (122.00–185.25) | 0.066 | 177.00 (150.00–207.25) | 140.00 (98.50–171.50) | < 0.001 |
 Hemoglobin (g/L) | 145.00 (132.00–156.00) | 141.00 (128.00–154.00) | 0.014 | 147.00 (133.75–157.00) | 143.00 (129.00–155.00) | 0.118 |
 Neutrophils count, × 109/L | 2.84 (2.18–3.58) | 2.69 (2.07–3.42) | 0.083 | 2.98 (2.35–3.65) | 2.62 (1.98–3.53) | 0.002 |
Biochemical scores | ||||||
 Hyaluronic, ng/ml | 61.35 (44.43–94.09) | 74.98 (46.37–117.55) | 0.004 | 52.18 (40.58–73.89) | 84.50 (53.87–140.50) | < 0.001 |
 Cholyglycine, ug/ml | 2.65 (1.48–5.26) | 2.30 (1.38–5.79) | 0.365 | 1.98 (1.11–4.46) | 3.65 (2.03–7.49) | < 0.001 |
 Laminin, ng/ml | 19.17 (10.01–30.40) | 31.35 (23.48–41.08) | < 0.001 | 14.96 (8.25–23.47) | 25.46 (16.03–38.31) | < 0.001 |
 PIIINP, ng/ml | 26.50 (19.06–39.64) | 27.45 (21.99–37.71) | 0.065 | 21.10 (16.43–27.57) | 38.06 (27.16–53.96) | < 0.001 |
 Type IV collagen, ng/ml | 26.11 (19.05–37.80) | 25.90 (20.78–36.35) | 0.410 | 21.60 (15.67–26.96) | 37.10 (26.77–53.11) | < 0.001 |
 APRI | 0.68 (0.38–1.37) | 0.75 (0.38–1.83) | 0.095 | 0.49 (0.29–0.94) | 0.97 (0.58–1.82) | < 0.001 |
 FIB-4 | 1.33 (0.92–2.15) | 1.32 (0.95–2.26) | 0.444 | 1.17 (0.85–1.66) | 1.69 (1.07–3.00) | < 0.001 |
 GPR | 0.23 (0.11–0.50) | 0.55 (0.26–1.33) | < 0.001 | 0.15 (0.08–0.29) | 0.38 (0.21–0.81) | < 0.001 |