Fig. 3

Liver-specific cfDNA levels increased in patients relative to controls and in late stage compared to early-stage disease. Comparisons of liver-specific cfDNA levels between patients and controls and between patients with early-stage and late-stage disease. PBC patients and controls a IGF2R locus, b ITIH4 locus and c VTN locus. PSC patients and controls d IGF2R locus, e ITIH4 locus and (F) VTN locus. cfDNA values expressed as genomic equivalents per ml (Geq/ml). P-values determined using the two-tailed Mann–Whitney test, exact p-values shown