Table 2 Cox proportional hazard regression model for analyzing the prognostic factors for colorectal cancer patients at IV stage
From: Nomogram for predicting overall survival in colorectal cancer with distant metastasis
Subject characteristics | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Age | ||||
< 65 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
≥ 65 | 1.60 (1.51–1.70) | < 0.001 | 1.37 (1.29–1.46) | < 0.001 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | |
Female | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.478 | - | - |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Unmarried | 1.34 (1.26–1.42) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | < 0.001 |
Race | ||||
White | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Black | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 0.070 | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 0.005 |
Others | 0.89 (0.81–0.99) | 0.034 | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 0.003 |
Insurance | ||||
Insured | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Uninsured | 1.25 (1.10–1.42) | 0.001 | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 0.066 |
Primary site | ||||
Left colon | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Right colon | 1.35 (1.27–1.43) | < 0.001 | 1.26 (1.18–1.35) | < 0.001 |
Other sites | 1.55 (1.27–1.88) | < 0.001 | 1.35 (1.10–1.64) | 0.003 |
Grade | ||||
Grade I | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Grade II | 1.05 (0.92–1.21) | 0.463 | 1.08 (0.94–1.23) | 0.303 |
Grade III | 1.73 (1.50–1.99) | < 0.001 | 1.70 (1.48–1.97) | < 0.001 |
Grade IV | 1.80 (1.50–2.15) | < 0.001 | 1.93 (1.61–2.32) | < 0.001 |
CEA | ||||
Normal | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Elevated | 1.46 (1.35–1.57) | < 0.001 | 1.39 (1.29–1.50) | < 0.001 |
T stage | ||||
T1 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
T2 | 0.41 (0.33–0.51) | < 0.001 | 0.66 (0.53–0.83) | < 0.001 |
T3 | 0.54 (0.49–0.60) | < 0.001 | 0.84 (0.75–0.95) | 0.004 |
T4 | 0.77 (0.70–0.85) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 0.071 |
N stage | ||||
N0 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
N1 | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 0.095 | 1.16 (1.07–1.26) | < 0.001 |
N2 | 1.15 (1.07–1.24) | < 0.001 | 1.55 (1.43–1.69) | < 0.001 |
Bone metastasis | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Yes | 2.02 (1.77–2.30) | < 0.001 | 1.57 (1.37–1.80) | < 0.001 |
Brain metastasis | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.98 (1.54–2.54) | < 0.001 | 1.44 (1.11–1.86) | 0.005 |
Liver metastasis | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.12 (1.05–1.19) | 0.001 | 1.34 (1.25–1.43) | < 0.001 |
Lung metastasis | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.37 (1.28–1.47) | < 0.001 | 1.30 (1.21–1.4) | < 0.001 |
Surgery for primary site | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Yes | 0.53 (0.49–0.56) | < 0.001 | 0.43 (0.39–0.47) | < 0.001 |
Radiation | ||||
No/unknown | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Yes | 0.81 (0.74–0.88) | < 0.001 | 0.95 (0.86–1.04) | 0.255 |
Chemotherapy | ||||
No/unknown | 1 (reference) | 1.00 | 1 (reference) | 1.00 |
Yes | 0.34 (0.32–0.36) | < 0.001 | 0.35 (0.32–0.37) | < 0.001 |