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Table 2 Comparison of self-reported symptomsa between cases and controls

From: Symptoms and biomarkers associated with undiagnosed celiac seropositivity

 

Cases: Celiac disease antibody positive participantsb

Controls

OR (95% CI)c

Number of participants

169

676

 
 

% (n/total N)

% (n/total N)

 

Tiredness

 Yes

29.9 (50/167)

26.9 (180/670)

1.14 (0.79–1.66)

 No

70.1 (117/167)

73.1 (490/670)

Ref

Self-perceived health

 Very good/excellent

26.2 (38/145)

30.1 (178/592)

Ref

 Good

66.2 (96/145)

57.6 (341/592)

1.37 (0.90–2.10)

 Fair/poor

7.6 (11/145)

12.3 (73/592)

0.73 (0.35–1.52)

Headache

 Yes

54.4 (81/149)

51.1 (314/615)

1.32 (0.80–2.18)

 No

45.6 (68/149)

48.9 (301/615)

Ref

Abdominal pain

 Yes

24.9 (41/165)

27.1 (181/669)

0.92 (0.62–1.37)

 No

75.2 (124/165)

72.9 (488/669)

Ref

Bloating

 Yes

65.8 (77/117)

64.0 (301/470)

1.12 (0.72–1.74)

 No

34.2 (40/117)

36.0 (169/470)

Ref

Reflux

 Yes

44.3 (31/70)

39.0 (112/287)

1.26 (0.73–2.17)

 No

55.7 (39/70)

61.0 (175/287)

Ref

Rumbling

 Yes

42.0 (66/157)

42.3 (294/622)

0.82 (0.57–1.18)

 No

58.0 (91/157)

52.7 (328/622)

Ref

Alternating stool

 Yes

68.0 (106/156)

67.6 (421/623)

1.02 (0.69–1.51)

 No

32.1 (50/156)

32.4 (202/623)

Ref

Nausea

 Yes

23.8 (10/42)

20.4 (34/167)

1.23 (0.54–2.82)

 No

76.2 (32/42)

79.6 (133/167)

Ref

  1. aThe information on self-reported symptoms were collected in questionnaires answered by the participants prior to examination and blood sample collection
  2. bThe participants were screened for celiac disease antibodies by EliA™ Celikey® tissue transglutaminase (TTG) anti-IgA and anti-IgG assays and deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) anti-IgG assays. Celiac disease antibody positive were defined as IgG-DGP ≥ 10.0 U/mL and/or IgA-TTG/IgG-TTG ≥ 7.0 U/mL. 5 of the 16,776 participants had a diagnosis of celiac disease in the national patient register, they were all celiac disease antibody negative and were excluded before matching. Cases were matched without replacement on age (5 years range), sex and study to 4 controls
  3. cConditional logistic regression for comparison of cases with controls giving odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)