Extra-esophageal symptoms in individuals with and without erosive esophagitis: a case–control study in Albania

BMC Gastroenterology

Table 3 Association of extra-esophageal symptoms with erosive esophagitis—odds ratios (OR: erosive esophagitis cases vs. controls) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) from binary logistic regression

Variable	Cases (N = 248)	Controls (N = 273)	Model
			Model 1^b		Model 2^c		Model 3^d		Model 4^e
			OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Any extra-esophageal symptoms
No	124 (50.0)^a	222 (81.3)	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	124 (50.0)	51 (18.7)	4.35	2.94–6.45	4.34	2.93–6.46	4.14	2.93–6.65	4.58	2.86–7.33
Chronic cough
No	196 (79.0)	249 (91.2)	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	52 (21.0)	24 (8.8)	2.75	1.64–4.62	2.74	1.63–4.63	2.69	1.57–4.61	3.18	1.75–5.81
Laryngeal disorders
No	159 (64.1)	242 (88.6)	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	89 (35.9)	31 (11.4)	4.38	2.78–6.88	4.37	2.77–6.89	4.64	2.88–7.46	4.37	2.55–7.48

^aAbsolute numbers and column percentages (in parentheses)
^bCrude (unadjusted) models
^cAge-adjusted models
^dAdjusted for socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, residence, education, employment status and income)
^eAdjusted for socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle/behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI and dietary type (Mediterranean diet vs. non-Mediterranean diet))

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