Variable | Erosive esophagitis (N = 248) | Controls (N = 273) | P† | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild erosive esophagitis (grade A/B) (N = 230) | Severe erosive esophagitis (grade C/D) (N = 18) | Total (N = 248) | |||
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 46.6 ± 16.4 | 44.4 ± 15.5 | 46.5 ± 16.3 | 46.4 ± 16.0 | 0.952 |
Place of residence | |||||
Urban areas | 149 (64.8)a | 14 (77.8) | 163 (65.7) | 163 (59.7) | |
Rural areas | 81 (35.2) | 4 (22.2) | 85 (34.3) | 110 (40.3) | |
Marital status | |||||
Single/divorced/widowed | 65 (28.3) | 5 (27.8) | 70 (28.2) | 65 (23.8) | 0.271 |
Married | 165 (71.7) | 13 (72.2) | 178 (71.8) | 208 (76.2) | |
Educational level | |||||
Low | 83 (36.1) | 6 (33.3) | 89 (35.9) | 94 (34.4) | 0.760 |
Middle | 107 (46.5) | 4 (22.2) | 111 (44.8) | 119 (43.6) | |
High | 40 (17.4) | 8 (44.4) | 48 (19.4) | 60 (22.0) | |
Employment status | |||||
Employed/pension | 148 (64.3) | 11 (61.1) | 159 (64.1) | 211 (77.3) | 0.001 |
Unemployed | 82 (35.7) | 7 (38.9) | 89 (35.9) | 62 (22.7) | |
Income level | |||||
Low | 139 (60.4) | 4 (22.2) | 143 (57.7) | 105 (38.5) | < 0.001 |
Average-high | 91 (39.6) | 14 (77.8) | 105 (42.3) | 168 (61.5) | |
Current smoker | |||||
No | 69 (30.0) | 6 (33.3) | 75 (30.2) | 139 (50.9) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 161 (70.0) | 12 (66.7) | 173 (69.8) | 134 (49.1) | |
Alcohol consumption | |||||
< 1 drink/week | 131 (57.0) | 11 (61.1) | 142 (57.3) | 191 (70.0) | 0.009 |
1–6 drinks/week | 79 (34.3) | 4 (22.2) | 83 (33.5) | 67 (24.5) | |
≥ 1 drink/day | 20 (8.7) | 3 (16.7) | 23 (9.3) | 15 (5.5) | |
Physical activity | |||||
Low | 72 (31.3) | 4 (22.2) | 76 (30.6) | 47 (17.2) | < 0.001 |
Moderate | 144 (62.6) | 11 (61.1) | 155 (62.5) | 148 (54.2) | |
High | 14 (6.1) | 3 (16.7) | 17 (6.9) | 78 (28.6) | |
BMI | |||||
Normal weight (BMI ≤ 25) | 18 (7.9) | 8 (44.4) | 26 (10.5) | 69 (25.3) | < 0.001 |
Overweight (BMI: 25.1–29.9) | 158 (69.0) | 9 (50.0) | 167 (67.6) | 180 (65.9) | |
Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 53 (23.1) | 1 (5.6) | 54 (21.9) | 24 (8.8) | |
Dietary type | |||||
Non-Mediterranean diet | 139 (60.4) | 12 (66.7) | 151 (60.9) | 133 (48.7) | 0.003 |
Mediterranean diet | 91 (39.6) | 6 (33.3) | 97 (39.1) | 140 (51.3) |