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Table 1 Distribution of socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors in Albanian patients with erosive esophagitis and in the control group

From: Extra-esophageal symptoms in individuals with and without erosive esophagitis: a case–control study in Albania

Variable

Erosive esophagitis (N = 248)

Controls (N = 273)

P

Mild erosive esophagitis (grade A/B) (N = 230)

Severe erosive esophagitis (grade C/D) (N = 18)

Total (N = 248)

Age (years) (mean ± SD)

46.6 ± 16.4

44.4 ± 15.5

46.5 ± 16.3

46.4 ± 16.0

0.952

Place of residence

Urban areas

149 (64.8)a

14 (77.8)

163 (65.7)

163 (59.7)

 

Rural areas

81 (35.2)

4 (22.2)

85 (34.3)

110 (40.3)

Marital status

Single/divorced/widowed

65 (28.3)

5 (27.8)

70 (28.2)

65 (23.8)

0.271

Married

165 (71.7)

13 (72.2)

178 (71.8)

208 (76.2)

Educational level

Low

83 (36.1)

6 (33.3)

89 (35.9)

94 (34.4)

0.760

Middle

107 (46.5)

4 (22.2)

111 (44.8)

119 (43.6)

High

40 (17.4)

8 (44.4)

48 (19.4)

60 (22.0)

Employment status

Employed/pension

148 (64.3)

11 (61.1)

159 (64.1)

211 (77.3)

0.001

Unemployed

82 (35.7)

7 (38.9)

89 (35.9)

62 (22.7)

Income level

Low

139 (60.4)

4 (22.2)

143 (57.7)

105 (38.5)

< 0.001

Average-high

91 (39.6)

14 (77.8)

105 (42.3)

168 (61.5)

Current smoker

No

69 (30.0)

6 (33.3)

75 (30.2)

139 (50.9)

< 0.001

Yes

161 (70.0)

12 (66.7)

173 (69.8)

134 (49.1)

Alcohol consumption

< 1 drink/week

131 (57.0)

11 (61.1)

142 (57.3)

191 (70.0)

0.009

1–6 drinks/week

79 (34.3)

4 (22.2)

83 (33.5)

67 (24.5)

≥ 1 drink/day

20 (8.7)

3 (16.7)

23 (9.3)

15 (5.5)

Physical activity

Low

72 (31.3)

4 (22.2)

76 (30.6)

47 (17.2)

< 0.001

Moderate

144 (62.6)

11 (61.1)

155 (62.5)

148 (54.2)

High

14 (6.1)

3 (16.7)

17 (6.9)

78 (28.6)

BMI

Normal weight (BMI ≤ 25)

18 (7.9)

8 (44.4)

26 (10.5)

69 (25.3)

< 0.001

Overweight (BMI: 25.1–29.9)

158 (69.0)

9 (50.0)

167 (67.6)

180 (65.9)

Obese (BMI ≥ 30)

53 (23.1)

1 (5.6)

54 (21.9)

24 (8.8)

Dietary type

Non-Mediterranean diet

139 (60.4)

12 (66.7)

151 (60.9)

133 (48.7)

0.003

Mediterranean diet

91 (39.6)

6 (33.3)

97 (39.1)

140 (51.3)

  1. Comparison between all cases with erosive esophagitis (N = 248) and controls (N = 273). P values from chi-square test, except the age which was compared by use of student’s t-test
  2. aAbsolute numbers and column percentages (in parentheses)