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Table 5 The comparison of macro and micro-nutrients intakes in different categories of major dietary patterns

From: Dietary patterns and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Nutrients*

Western dietary pattern

Healthy dietary pattern

Traditional dietary pattern

1

2

3

P

1

2

3

P

1

2

3

P

Protein (gr)

74.47 ± 0.90

73.01 ± 0.87

69.09 ± 0.90

< 0.001

68.39 ± 0.88

73.03 ± 0.86

75.12 ± 0.89

< 0.001

68.32 ± 0.91

72.47 ± 0.86

75.75 ± 0.92

< 0.001

Carbohydrate (gr)

306.50 ± 2.87

310.55 ± 2.77

300.17 ± 2.86

0.03

306.15 ± 2.85

302.33 ± 2.79

308.74 ± 2.87

0.27

314.80 ± 2.92

306.07 ± 2.75

296.39 ± 2.95

< 0.001

Fat (gr)

74.57 ± 1.23

72.60 ± 1.19

78.06 ± 1.23

0.06

74.58 ± 1.23

75.95 ± 1.20

74.69 ± 1.24

0.67

73.30 ± 1.27

74.57 ± 1.20

77.35 ± 1.28

0.09

Saturated fat (gr)

25.02 ± 0.54

24.46 ± 0.53

26.77 ± 0.54

< 0.001

24.52 ± 0.54

25.98 ± 0.53

25.74 ± 0.54

0.12

24.86 ± 0.56

25.30 ± 0.53

25.10 ± 0.57

0.64

Cholesterol(gr)

212.49 ± 8.47

221.70 ± 8.17

214.06 ± 8.44

0.69

209.92 ± 8.37

221.85 ± 8.19

216.47 ± 8.43

< 0.001

178.45 ± 8.37

209.22 ± 7.91

260.41 ± 8.47

< 0.001

Linoleic fat (gr)

13.33 ± 0.37

12.99 ± 0.36

14.23 ± 0.37

0.04

14.51 ± 0.37

13.49 ± 0.36

12.54 ± 0.37

< 0.001

12.90 ± 0.38

13.38 ± 0.36

14.26 ± 0.39

0.06

Oleic fat (gr)

23.61 ± 0.48

22.68 ± 0.46

24.64 ± 0.48

0.01

24.15 ± 0.48

23.82 ± 0.47

22.96 ± 0.48

0.21

22.71 ± 0.49

23.27 ± 0.46

24.93 ± 0.50

0.008

EPA (gr)

0.022 ± 0.002

0.023 ± 0.002

0.021 ± 0.002

0.74

0.01 ± 0.002

0.02 ± 0.002

0.03 ± 0.002

< 0.001

0.02 ± 0.002

0.024 ± 0.002

0.021 ± 0.002

0.24

DHA (gr)

0.07 ± 0.006

0.08 ± 0.006

0.07 ± 0.006

0.65

0.05 ± 0.006

0.08 ± 0.006

0.10 ± 0.006

< 0.001

0.07 ± 0.006

0.08 ± 0.006

0.07 ± 0.006

0.21

Total dietary Fiber (gr)

38.32 ± 1.24

35.27 ± 1.19

34.33 ± 1.23

0.07

38.85 ± 1.22

34.54 ± 1.19

34.54 ± 1.23

0.01

37.09 ± 1.27

35.61 ± 1.20

35.22 ± 1.29

0.57

Total sugar (gr)

115.48 ± 2.14

112.23 ± 2.06

102.90 ± 2.13

< 0.001

93.40 ± 1.91

109.96 ± 1.87

127.15 ± 1.93

< 0.001

114.23 ± 2.21

110.56 ± 2.09

105.81 ± 2.23

0.04

Glucose (gr)

14.82 ± 0.42

14.67 ± 0.41

13.68 ± 0.42

0.13

10.61 ± 0.35

13.87 ± 0.34

18.67 ± 0.35

< 0.001

15.90 ± 0.43

13.77 ± 0.40

13.50 ± 0.43

< 0.001

Fructose (gr)

17.33 ± 0.50

16.91 ± 0.49

15.86 ± 0.50

0.12

12.15 ± 0.42

16.23 ± 0.41

21.69 ± 0.42

< 0.001

18.66 ± 0.51

15.96 ± 0.48

15.49 ± 0.52

< 0.001

Sucrose (gr)

30.75 ± 1.31

32.02 ± 1.27

27.13 ± 1.31

0.02

28.33 ± 1.30

29.63 ± 1.27

31.93 ± 1.31

0.16

28.16 ± 1.35

30.37 ± 1.27

31.36 ± 1.36

0.26

Lactose (gr)

18.55 ± 0.72

14.51 ± 0.70

14.26 ± 0.72

< 0.001

11.77 ± 0.70

17.02 ± 0.69

18.50 ± 0.71

< 0.001

16.86 ± 0.75

16.49 ± 0.71

13.95 ± 0.76

0.01

Galactose (gr)

3.50 ± 0.16

3.19 ± 0.15

3.18 ± 0.16

0.29

2.59 ± 0.15

3.56 ± 0.15

3.71 ± 0.15

< 0.001

3.34 ± 0.16

3.56 ± 0.15

2.97 ± 0.16

0.03

Fe (mg)

27.01 ± 0.93

25.83 ± 0.90

24.58 ± 0.93

0.20

25.94 ± 0.92

26.11 ± 0.90

25.36 ± 0.93

0.83

22.97 ± 0.94

25.42 ± 0.89

29.00 ± 0.95

< 0.001

Cu (mg)

1.42 ± 0.02

1.43 ± 0.02

1.36 ± 0.02

0.04

1.37 ± 0.02

1.36 ± 0.02

1.47 ± 0.02

< 0.001

1.40 ± 0.02

1.38 ± 0.02

1.43 ± 0.02

0.37

Zn (mg)

10.85 ± 0.13

10.65 ± 0.13

10.21 ± 0.13

< 0.001

10.00 ± 0.13

10.73 ± 0.13

10.98 ± 0.13

< 0.001

10.10 ± 0.14

10.64 ± 0.13

10.96 ± 0.14

< 0.001

Vit. A (RAE)

485.85 ± 19.79

459.96 ± 19.10

428.78 ± 19.73

0.14

337.24 ± 18.13

438.15 ± 17.74

598.45 ± 18.26

< 0.001

450.88 ± 20.27

435.74 ± 19.15

487.79 ± 20.50

0.18

Vit.E (mg)

11.39 ± 0.25

10.54 ± 0.24

10.75 ± 0.25

0.04

10.41 ± 0.24

10.98 ± 0.24

11.29 ± 0.25

0.04

10.59 ± 0.25

10.58 ± 0.24

11.51 ± 0.26

0.02

Vit.C (mg)

139.84 ± 5.09

129.47 ± 4.91

120.22 ± 5.07

0.03

83.52 ± 4.18

122.97 ± 4.09

182.76 ± 4.21

< 0.001

139.21 ± 5.22

123.04 ± 4.93

127.28 ± 5.28

0.07

Energy (kcal)ª

1906.38 ± 38.67

2135.52 ± 38.43

2382.59 ± 38.56

< 0.001

1954.34 ± 39.06

2091.77 ± 38.89

2358.63 ± 38.98

< 0.001

1839.06 ± 36.27

2091.40 ± 36.14

2473.69 ± 36.10

< 0.001

  1. All values are presented as mean ± SD; the comparison of macro and micro-nutrients intakes were adjusted with the variables of age, gender, and energy and energy were adjusted with age and gender by the covariance analysis method (ANCOVA)