Table 3 Sensitivity, specificity and area-under-the-curve (AUC) of AI-assisted ultrasonography, AI-assisted elastography, and AI-assisted clinical data for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis (F4), advanced fibrosis (F3–4) and significant liver fibrosis (F2–4)

Cirrhosis (F4)

(Cut-off 2.0)

(Cut-off 1.62–2.65)

 Sensitivity

0.79 (0.73–0.84)

0.87 (0.50–0.98)

0.65 (0.58–0.72)

0.83 (0.79–0.86)

0.74 (0.63–0.82)

0.31 (0.13–0.63)

0.64 (0.39–0.77)

 Specificity

0.93 (0.90–0.95)

0.88 (0.85–0.91)

0.91 (0.74–0.97)

0.89 (0.87–0.91)

0.84 (0.79–0.88)

0.89 (0.81–0.96)

0.86 (0.75–0.98)

 AUC

0.95

0.89

0.68

0.94

0.72

0.72

0.78

Advanced fibrosis (F3–4)

(Cut-off 0.5)

(Cut-off 1.45)

 Sensitivity

–

0.84 (0.74–0.91)

0.87 (0.79–0.92)

0.82 (0.78–0.86)

0.82 (0.75–0.88)

0.73 (0.63–0.83)

0.63 (0.50–0.71)

 Specificity

–

0.94 (0.77–0.99)

0.82 (0.79–0.85)

0.86 (0.82–0.89)

0.81 (0.72–0.88)

0.55 (0.37–0.72)

0.56 (0.14–0.80)

 AUC

–

0.93

0.86

0.89

0.86

0.76

0.80

Significant fibrosis (F2–4)

(Cut-off 0.5)

(Cut-off 1.45)

 Sensitivity

0.90 (0.87–0.93)

0.73 (0.68–0.77)

0.96 (0.94–0.98)

0.79 (0.74–0.82)

0.79 (0.75–0.83)

0.70 (0.35–0.97)

0.65 (0.52–0.87)

 Specificity

0.82 (0.77–0.85)

0.87 (0.82–0.90)

0.78 (0.72–0.83)

0.78 (0.72–0.83)

0.76 (0.68–0.82)

60 (0.34–0.87)

0.74 (0.65–0.85)

 AUC

0.92

0.85

0.86

0.84

0.69

0.72

0.76