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Table 2 Comparison of the LaC-taking patients and the control dialysis patients

From: Investigation of the clinical significance and pathological features of lanthanum deposition in the gastric mucosa

Patient characteristics

LaC–taking patients, n = 42

Control dialysis patients, n = 42

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Male sex, n (%)

15 (35.7%)

20 (47.6%)

0.61 (0.25–1.47)

0.269

Age, median (range)

68 (45–83)

70 (35–86)

0.400

Gastric mucosal atrophy (mild, medium, severe)*, n (%)

12 (28.6%), 10 (23.8%) 20 (47.6%)

14 (33.3%), 10 (23.8%), 18 (42.9%)

0.879

Primary diseases of dialysis (diabetes, hypertension, nephritis), n (%)

18 (42.9%), 5 (11.9%), 19 (45.2%)

13 (31.0%), 7 (16.7%), 22 (52.4%)

0.507

Years since start of dialysis, median (range)

6.12 (0.7–26.4)

3.58 (0.002–12.5)

0.0002

Ca, mg/dL, median (range)

8.75 (7.2–10.2)

8.9 (6.1–10.3)

0.300

IP, mg/dL, median (range)

5.5 (3.1–8.3)

4.9 (1.9–7.5)

0.320

TP, g/dL, median (range)

6.4 (4.3–7.9)

6.6 (3.9–7.9)

0.184

Albumin, g/dL, median (range)

3.5 (2.4–4.0)

3.5 (2.5–4.7)

0.362

Total cholesterol, mg/dL, median (range)

158.5 (88–240)

160 (93–303)

0.402

HDL–cholesterol, mg/dL, median (range)

47 (18–97)

49.5 (23–78)

0.601

Triglyceride, mg/dL, median (range)

97 (35–336)

92.5 (36–271)

0.721

WBC, /µL, median (range)

5720 (2650–12,470)

5210 (2800–11,800)

0.068

Hemoglobin, g/dL, median (range)

10.5 (7.3–12.8)

10.6 (7.1–12.4)

0.709

NSAIDs (including low–dose aspirin), n (%)

18 (42.9%)

10 (23.8%)

2.4 (0.94–6.12)

0.064

PPIs, n (%)

34 (81.0%)

32 (76.2%)

1.32 (0.47–3.79)

0.595

PPIs + H2RA, n (%)

38 (90.5%)

35 (83.3%)

1.9 (0.51–7.05)

0.332

Gastric mucoprotective drugs, n (%)

13 (31.0%)

6 (14.3%)

2.79 (0.91–7.95)

0.068

  1. La, lanthanum; CI, confidence interval; LaC, lanthanum carbonate; Ca, calcium; IP, inorganic phosphorus; TP, total protein; WBC, white blood cell; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; H2RA, histamine H2 receptor antagonist
  2. *The degree of gastric mucosal atrophy is classified into mild, medium, or severe according to the Takemoto-Kimura classification [13]. Mild: C-1 and C-2, medium: C-3 and O-1, severe: O-2 and O-3
  3. Italic font represents statistical significance