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Table 1 Patient characteristics in Study 1

From: Investigation of the clinical significance and pathological features of lanthanum deposition in the gastric mucosa

Patient characteristics

La deposition (+), n = 23

La deposition (−), n = 19

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Male sex, n (%)

14 (60.9%)

13 (68.4%)

1.39 (0.39–5.01)

0.258

Age, median (range)

72 (47–82)

68 (45–83)

0.909

Gastric mucosal atrophy (mild, medium, severe)*, n (%)

5 (21.7%), 7 (30.4%), 11 (47.8%)

7 (36.8%), 3 (15.8%), 9 (47.4%)

0.413

Primary diseases of dialysis (diabetes, hypertension, nephritis), n (%)

8 (34.8%), 3 (13.4%), 12 (52.2%)

10 (52.6%), 2 (10.5%), 7 (36.8%)

0.504

Years since start of dialysis, median (range)

7.32 (0.70–26.4)

5.83 (1.57–14.2)

0.092

Months of oral use of LaC, median (range)

34 (4–70)

28 (10–72)

0.206

Daily dose of LaC, mg, median (range)

1000 (500–1500)

750 (250–1500)

0.104

Total dose of LaC, g, median (range)

990 (180–3150)

480 (225–1328)

0.013

Ca, mg/dL, median (range) (number of missing data: 4)

8.9 (8–10.2)

8.4 (7.2–9.9)

0.084

IP, mg/dL, median (range) (number of missing data: 7)

5.5 (3.5–8.1)

5.3 (3.1–8.3)

0.586

TP, g/dL, median (range) (number of missing data: 8)

6.4 (4.8–7.9)

6.35 (4.3–7.3)

0.479

Albumin, g/dL, median (range) (number of missing data: 7)

3.5 (2.7–4.0)

3.6 (2.4–4.0)

0.752

Total cholesterol, mg/dL, median (range) (number of missing data: 10)

166 (103–203)

151 (88–240)

0.454

HDL–cholesterol, mg/dL, median (range) (number of missing data: 13)

47 (24–67)

47 (18–97)

0.790

Triglyceride, mg/dL, median (range) (number of missing data: 9)

103 (50–336)

94.5 (35–198)

0.649

WBC, /µL, median (range) (number of missing data: 6)

5460 (3370–8300)

6535 (2650–12,470)

0.133

Hemoglobin, g/dL, median (range) (number of missing data: 5)

10.5 (7.3–12.5)

10.55 (7.3–12.8)

0.976

NSAIDs (including low–dose aspirin), n (%)

10 (43.5%)

10 (52.6%)

0.69 (0.20–2.35)

0.554

PPIs, n (%)

17 (73.9%)

17 (89.5%)

0.33 (0.06–1.89)

0.201

PPIs + H2RAs, n (%)

21 (91.3%)

17 (89.5%)

1.24 (0.16–9.71)

0.841

Gastric mucoprotective drugs, n (%)

9 (39.1%)

4 (21.1%)

2.41 (0.60–9.63)

0.207

  1. La, lanthanum; CI, confidence interval; LaC, lanthanum carbonate; Ca, calcium; IP, inorganic phosphorus; TP, total protein; WBC, white blood cell; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; H2RA, histamine H2 receptor antagonist
  2. *The degree of gastric mucosal atrophy is classified into mild, medium, or severe according to the Takemoto-Kimura classification [13]. Mild: C-1 and C-2, medium: C-3 and O-1, severe: O-2 and O-3
  3. Italic font represents statistical significance