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Table 2 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of the derivation cohort and validation cohort

From: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a predictor of survival in cirrhotic patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective study

Parameters

Derivation cohort (n = 629)

Validation cohort (n = 314)

P value

Age, years

55 (14)

53 (14)

0.37

Male sex

484 (76.9%)

243 (77.3%)

0.88

BMI

24.16 (3.92)

23.88 (3.78)

0.30

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

115 (22)

112 (25)

0.31

Cirrhosis etiology

 Hepatitis B virus n (%)

629 (100%)

314 (100%)

1.00

Variceal bleeding, n (%)

369 (58.7%)

167 (53.2%)

0.11

Heart rate

78 (21)

80 (22)

0.81

Hemoglobin, g/L

97 (46)

99 (49.25)

0.72

Total leukocyte count, × 109/L

3.71 (1.8)

3.9 (2.85)

0.61

Platelets, × 109/L

66 (52)

73 (56)

0.27

Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L

27 (26)

27 (27.25)

0.83

Creatinine, μmol/L

78 (26.25)

76 (23)

0.06

Sodium, mmol/L

139.8 (5.5)

139.6 (4.93)

0.64

Bilirubin, mmol/L

24 (28.72)

23.6 (26.6)

0.71

Albumin, g/L

31.1 (8.45)

31.5 (9.53)

0.97

Triglyceride

0.73 (0.46)

0.79 (0.51)

0.09

Cholesterol, mmol/L

3.01 (1.31)

3.1 (1.33)

0.32

High density lipoprotein, mmol/L

0.83 (0.49)

0.84 (0.49)

0.58

Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L

1.63 (0.97)

1.64 (1.05)

0.59

International normalized ratio

1.22 (0.3)

1.23 (0.33)

0.77

Fibrinogen, g/L

1.76 (0.85)

1.78 (0.88)

0.45

Hepatocellular carcinoma

137 (21.7%)

76 (24.2%)

0.40

Previous bleeding, n (%)

203 (32.2%)

119 (35.9%)

0.09

Ascites, n (%)

367 (58.3%)

183 (58.2%)

0.98

Hepatic Encephalopathy, n (%)

56 (8.9%)

22 (7.0%)

0.32

β-blocker use, n (%)

133 (21.1%)

73 (23.2%)

0.46

QTc, ms

435 (33)

433.5 (37)

0.57

QTc prolongation, n (%)

148 (23.5%)

81 (25.7%)

0.44

PRBC transfusion (%)

170 (27%)

105 (27.8%)

0.04

 > 2 PRBC transfusion (%)

57 (33.5%)

43 (41.0%)

0.03

Endoscopic treatment, n (%)

260 (41.3%)

153 (40.5%)

0.03

TIPS treatment, n (%)

23 (3.6%)

11 (2.9%)

0.91

6-Week death, n (%)

66 (10.4%)

34 (10.8%)

0.75

Prognostic scores

Child–Pugh score

8 (4)

8 (4)

0.86

 Child–Pugh A

202 (32.1%)

93 (29.6%)

 

 Child–Pugh B

264 (42%)

141 (44.9%)

 

 Child–Pugh C

163 (25.9%)

80 (25.5%)

 

MELD

10.98 (7.76)

10.8 (7.02)

0.19

ALBI

−1.72 (0.96)

−1.71 (0.99)

0.89

D’Amico model

−1.32 (1.39)

−1.27 (1.4)

0.75

Augustin model

−2.95 (2.29)

−2.95 (2.22)

0.97

Glasgow-Blatchford score

9 (7)

9 (8)

0.74

AIMS65

1 (1)

1 (1)

0.88

  1. PBRC packed red blood cells transfused; All values are expressed as median (IQR), or n (%)