A hypocaloric high-protein diet supplemented with β-cryptoxanthin improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Data on demographics and study outcomes at baseline (N = 92)^a,b

	All	HP-diet and β-cryptoxanthin	HP-diet	β-Cryptoxanthin	Control	p value^c
Gender						1.000
Male	44 (47.8)	11 (47.8)	11 (47.8)	11 (47.8)	11 (47.8)
Female	48 (52.2)	12 (52.2)	12 (52.2)	12 (52.2)	12 (52.2)
Age (year)	37.2 [35.4; 38.9]	38.4 [34.6; 42.3]	36.4 [32.9; 39.8]	38.1 [34.8; 41.4]	35.6 [31.7; 39.6]	0.626
Serum ALT (IU/L)	70.9 [68.0; 73.7]	71.0 [65.2; 76.7]	70.7 [65.2; 76.2]	71.5 [64.3; 78.7]	70.3 [64.5; 76.1]	0.997
Serum AST (IU/L)	39.1 [36.0; 42.3]	39.3 [33.4; 45.3]	37.5 [30.4; 44.7]	41.0 [34.3; 47.6]	38.6 [31.7; 45.5]	0.779
Serum ALP (IU/L)	193.8 [184.6; 203.1]	194.0 [176.2; 211.8]	190.4 [167.2; 213.7]	194.2 [177.6; 210.7]	196.8 [177.0; 216.6]	0.933
Serum GGT (IU/L)	47.4 [45.6; 49.2]	48.2 [44.4; 51.9]	47.8 [43.8; 51.7]	47.3 [43.9; 50.7]	46.3 [42.3; 50.4]	0.883
Hepatic steatosis						1.000
Grade 0 (no steatosis)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Grade 1 (mild steatosis)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Grade 2 (moderate steatosis)	48 (52.2)	12 (52.2)	12 (52.2)	12 (52.2)	12 (52.2)
Grade 3 (severe steatosis)	44 (47.8)	11 (47.8)	11 (47.8)	11 (47.8)	11 (47.8)

ALP alkaline phosphatase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, HP high-protein
^aIn each group n = 23
^bData are presented as n (%) or mean [95% confidence intervals]
^cObtained by the chi-square test and the one-way analysis of variance for categorical and continuous variables, respectively

ISSN: 1471-230X