Table 1 Patient background characteristics (n = 99)

Male, n (%)

61 (61.6)

Etiology

 HBV, n (%)

18 (18.2)

 HCV (including SVR), n (%)

52 (52.5)

 NBNC, n (%)

29 (29.3)

Taking BCAA, n (%)

28 (28.3)

Taking diuretic, n (%)

25 (25.3)

Alcohol, n (%)

39 (39.4)

Diabetes, n (%)

33 (33.3)

HCC, n (%)

70 (70.7)

Esophageal or gastric varices, n (%)

40 (40.4)

Porto-systemic shunts, n (%)

35 (35)

Ascites, n (%)

10 (10.1)

Child–Pugh Class

 A

60 (60.6)

 B

25 (25.3)

 C

4 (4.0)

Sarcopenia, n (%)

6 (6.1)

Body height (m)

1.59 (1.37–1.90)

Body weight (kg)

57.4 (36.6–92.8)

BMI (kg/m²)

23.7 (16.0–33.9)

Grip strength (kg)

24.6 (7.2–43.5)

Hemoglobin (g/L)

128 (79–169)

Platelets (× 10³/μL)

107 (21–390)

ALT (U/L)

23 (8–123)

γ-GTP (U/L)

41 (13–696)

Cholinesterase (U/L)

206 (53–379)

Albumin (g/L)

38 (22–49)

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.16 (2.20–6.59)

Ammonia (mol/L)

31.1 (4.11–157.37)

Prothrombin time (%)

80 (31–115)

Sodium (mEq/L)

140 (133–146)

BCAA (mmol/L)

423.7 (228.3–1459.9)

Tyrosine (mmol/L)

96.2 (37.1–174.0)

BTR

4.75 (1.44–11.07)

Subcutaneous fat area (cm²)

101.61 (3.84–332.49)

Visceral fat area (cm²)

111.37 (7.03–287.84)

CT level of skeletal muscles (HU)

22.70 (− 16.42–47.52)

Skeletal muscle area (cm²)

118.74 (72.12–188.46)

Skeletal muscle index (cm²/m²)

47.9 (29.4–68.5)

Psoas muscle area (cm²)

12.47 (5.11–24.49)

Psoas muscle index (cm²/m²)

5.02 (2.45–9.20)