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Table 4 Association between H. pylori status and the progression to LSBE adjusted by time-dependent covariate

From: Relationship between time-varying status of reflux esophagitis and Helicobacter pylori and progression to long-segment Barrett’s esophagus: time-dependent Cox proportional-hazards analysis

 

Multivariable model 1

Multivariable model 2

 

HR*

95% CI

P-value

HR*

95% CI

P-value

H. pylori status

 Absence of H. pylori

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

H. pylori infection (Model 1)

0.48

0.22

1.07

0.07

    

 Current H. pylori infection (Model 2)

    

0.50

0.19

1.34

0.17

H. pylori eradication (Model 2)

    

0.51

0.18

1.46

0.21

Male

1.19

0.41

3.47

0.75

1.19

0.41

3.47

0.75

Age (year)

1.05

1.01

1.09

0.01

1.05

1.01

1.09

0.01

Reflux esophagitis

3.27

1.63

6.56

< 0.001

3.27

1.63

6.55

< 0.001

Smoking (100 pack-year)

3.67

1.10

12.26

0.03

3.67

1.10

12.29

0.03

Hiatal hernia

3.16

1.50

6.66

0.003

3.16

1.50

6.66

0.003

PPI or H2RA

4.00

1.54

10.36

0.004

4.00

1.54

10.35

0.004

  1. *Adjusted by time-dependent covariate (H. pylori status, age, reflux esophagitis, smoking, and PPI or H2RA) and baseline time-fixed covariate (male and hiatal hernia).
  2. H. pylori Helicobacter pylori; LSBE Long-segment Barrett’s esophagus; HR Hazard ratio; CI Confidence interval; PPI Proton pump inhibitor; H2RA Histamine H2-receptor antagonist