Efficacy of a high-dose proton pump inhibitor in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a single center, randomized, open-label trial

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Study Participants

Variables	Standard-dose group^a (n = 40)	High-dose group^b (n = 44)	P-value
Age, years	56.3 ± 12.4	59.2 ± 9.4	0.223
Sex, male:female	12:28 (30.0:70.0)	15:29 (34.1:65.9)	0.693
Height, cm	161.6 ± 6.8	160.0 ± 8.4	0.357
Weight, Kg	60.5 ± 11.9	59.2 ± 11.4	0.602
BMI, Kg/m² (range)	23.0 ± 3.3 (17.3–31.8)	22.9 ± 3.0 (16.2–29.7)	0.889
Smoking status
Non-smoker	35 (87.5)	41 (93.2)	0.382
Current/ex-smoker	5 (12.5)	3 (6.8)	0.382
History of angina	1 (2.5)	2 (4.5)	0.619
Use of anti-psychotic drug	8 (20.0)	11 (25.0)	0.590
Reflux esophagitis (LA grade)
Normal	7 (17.5)	7 (15.9)	0.847
Minimal change	24 (60.0)	26 (59.1)	0.933
A	7 (17.5)	8 (18.2)	0.936
B	1 (2.6)	3 (6.8)	0.373
C	1 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	0.323
H. pylori
Positive	7 (17.5)	10 (22.7)	0.557
Previous history of eradication	6 (15.0)	7 (15.9)	0.807
Initial symptom score^c
Total symptoms	4.4 ± 2.8	4.9 ± 2.2	0.337
Typical symptoms^d	2.6 ± 1.1	2.5 ± 1.1	0.815
Atypical symptoms^e	3.2 ± 2.0	3.3 ± 1.7	0.897

P-values were calculated using Student’s t-test or χ²-test
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%)
BMI body mass index, LA Los Angeles, H. pylori Helicobacter pylori
^aStandard-dose group was treated as rabeprazole 20 mg once daily
^bHigh-dose group was treated as rabeprazole 20 mg twice daily
^cSymptom score was the mean value of the score sum of the 5-graded Likert scale questionnaire
^dTypical symptoms were defined as heartburn and regurgitation
^eAtypical symptoms were defined as chest pain, cough, globus, wheezing, laryngopharyngitis, hoarseness, belching, and dysphagia

ISSN: 1471-230X