From: Hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in South Africa in the era of HIV
 | HIV+ HBV+ | HIV- HBV+ | HIV+ HBV- | HIV- HBV- |  |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 18 (18%) | 47 (47%) | 4 (4%) | 31 (31%) | p-value |
Age groups (in years) | |||||
18–34 | 4 (22) | 15 (32) | 1 (25) | 8 (26) |  |
35–49 | 12 (67) | 13 (28) | 2 (50) | 5 (16) | 0.04 |
50–59 | 1 (5.5) | 11 (23) | 1 (25) | 12 (39) |  |
60–90 | 1 (5.5) | 8 (17) | 0 (0) | 6 (19) | |
Gender | |||||
Male | 12 (67) | 41 (87) | 2 (50) | 23 (74) | 0.1 |
Female | 6 (33) | 6 (13) | 2 (50) | 8 (26) | |
Ethnicity | |||||
Black African | 16 (89) | 23 (50) | 4 (100) | 9 (32) | 0.006 |
Caucasian | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 0 (0) | 3 (11) | |
Mixed ancestry | 2 (11) | 20 (43) | 0 (0) | 16 (57) | |
Missing data | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | |
Alcohol dependence | |||||
Yes | 4 (22) | 8 (18) | 1 (3) | 7 (25) | 0.9 |
No | 14 (78) | 36 (82) | 2 (67) | 21 (75) | |
Missing data | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Known cirrhosis | |||||
Yes | 5 (29) | 12 (27) | 0 (0) | 3 (13) | 0.4 |
No | 12 (71) | 32 (73) | 3 (100) | 20 (87) | |
Missing data | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | |
HBeAg positive | |||||
Yes | 10 (59) | 9 (20) | n/a | n/a | 0.003 |
No | 7 (41) | 37 (80) | Â | Â | |
Missing data | 1 | 1 | Â | Â | |
HBV genotypes | |||||
A | 9 (100) | 25 (76) | n/a | n/a | 0.00009 |
D | 0 (0) | 7 (21) | Â | Â | |
E | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | Â | Â | |
AFP > 400 μg/L | |||||
Yes | 11 (61) | 35 (80) | 3 (75) | 14 (54) | 0.1 |
No | 7 (39) | 9 (20) | 1 (25) | 12 (46) | |
Missing data | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | |
Child-Pugh | |||||
A | 9 (60) | 30 (68) | 2 (67) | 14 (59) | 1.0 |
B | 5 (33) | 11 (25) | 1 (33) | 8 (33) | |
C | 1 (7) | 3 (7) | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | |
Missing data | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | |
Nodules at diagnosis | |||||
Single lesion < 2 cm | 3 (19) | 5 (12) | 0 (0) | 4 (14) |  |
Single lesion 2–5 cm | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 1.0 |
Single lesion > 5 cm | 2 (12) | 6 (14) | 0 (0) | 4 (14) | |
Multiple lesions | 11 (69) | 31 (74) | 1 (100) | 19 (68) | |
Missing data | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 |