From: Predictors of surgical site infection after pancreaticoduodenectomy
SSI | Total (n = 280) | Non-SSI (n = 190) | SSI (n = 90) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years, mean ± SD | 59.98 ± 10.79 | 59.81 ± 10.70 | 60.36 ± 11.01 | 0.687 |
BMI, median (range) | 22.36 (15.11, 38.95) | 21.94 (15.11, 38.95) | 22.60 (16.22, 34.06) | 0.040 |
Sex, n (%) | ||||
 Male | 148 (52.86) | 100 (52.63) | 48 (53.33) | 0.913 |
 Female | 132 (47.14) | 90 (47.37) | 42 (46.67) |  |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
 Diabetes mellitus | 81 (28.93) | 62 (32.63) | 19 (21.11) | 0.047 |
 Hypertension | 108 (38.57) | 70 (36.84) | 38 (42.22) | 0.388 |
 Dyslipidemia | 76 (27.14) | 56 (29.47) | 20 (22.22) | 0.203 |
 Renal insufficiency | 7 (2.50) | 4 (2.11) | 3 (3.33) | 0.539 |
ASA class, n (%), n = 275 | ||||
 I | 6 (2.18) | 3 (1.62) | 3 (3.33) | 0.811 |
 II | 104 (37.82) | 69 (37.30) | 35 (38.89) |  |
 III | 156 (56.73) | 106 (57.30) | 50 (55.56) |  |
 IV | 8 (2.91) | 6 (3.24) | 2 (2.22) |  |
 V(E) | 1 (0.36) | 1 (0.54) | 0 |  |
Smoking, n (%) | 84 (30.00) | 56 (29.47) | 28 (31.11) | 0.780 |
Previous biliary intervention, n (%) | 192 (68.57) | 119 (62.63) | 73 (81.11) | 0.002 |
WBC, mean ± SD | 7838 ± 2670 | 7953 ± 2665 | 7605 ± 2680 | 0.321 |
Platelet × 103, median (range) | 300 (96, 715) | 302 (96, 715) | 124 (140, 548) | 0.068 |
Hb in g/dL, median (range) | 12 (3, 30.2) | 12 (3, 30.2) | 2.2 (8.5, 23.3) | 0.349 |
BUN in mg/dL, median (range) | 13 (4, 57) | 13 (4, 57) | 7 (5, 29) | 0.712 |
Creatinine in mg/dL, median (range) | 0.8 (0.3, 12) | 0.8 (0.3, 11) | 0.26 (0.33, 12) | 0.734 |
Total bilirubin in mg/d/L, median (range) | 1.6 (0.1, 35) | 1.75 (0.2, 35) | 3.4 (0.1, 30.3) | 0.341 |
Albumin in g/L, mean ± SD | 34.35 ± 5.32 | 34.55 ± 5.65 | 33.94 ± 4.57 | 0.377 |
Pre-operative cholangitis, n(%) | 18 (6.43) | 6 (3.16) | 12 (13.33) | 0.001 |
Operative time in min, median (range) | 475 (240, 900) | 435 (240, 900) | 480 (240, 840) | 0.078 |
Blood loss in ml, median (range) | 800 (100, 13,000) | 800 (100, 8000) | 800 (150, 13,000) | 0.757 |
Complications, n (%) | ||||
 Pancreatic fistula | ||||
  No | 137 (48.93) | 114 (60.00) | 23 (25.56) | 0.000 |
  Yes | 143 (51.07) | 76 (40.00) | 67 (74.44) |  |
  Bile leakage | 20 (7.14) | 10 (5.26) | 10 (11.11) | 0.076 |
  Delayed gastric emptying | 29 (10.36) | 14 (7.37) | 15 (16.67) | 0.017 |
  Chyle leakage | 13 (4.64) | 6 (3.16) | 7 (7.78) | 0.125 |
Duration of drain placement (day), median (rang) n = 238 | 13 (2, 266) | 10 (2, 94) | 23 (2, 266) | 0.000 |
LOH in days, median (range) | 16 (5, 320) | 14 (5, 87) | 28 (8, 320) | 0.000 |
 Diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
  Benign | 73 (26.07) | 50 (26.32) | 23 (25.56) | 0.892 |
  Malignant | 207 (73.93) | 140 (73.68) | 67 (74.44) |  |