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Table 3 Predictors of overall survival in the t1 period (from DEB-TACE-1 assessment) including pre and post-procedure variables (n = 216) based on multivariate Cox regression

From: The development of early ascites is associated with shorter overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with drug-eluting embolic chemoembolization

T1

  

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Variable

Categories

n = 216

overall survival, months

p-value

HR

HR, 95% CI

p-value

median

median, 95% CI

Number nodules

<  3

165

27

23.2–30.8

0.07

 

>  3

51

24

18.4–26.9

Main nodule sizeb, mm

<  36.5

110

30

26.5–33.5

0.005

0.59

0.45–0.84

0.003

>  36.5

103

22

18.9–25.03

0.65

0.46–0.92

0.013

EV

No

72

30

22.8–37.2

0.03

   

Yes

144

26

22.8–29.2

CSPH

No

61

30

24.9–35.1

0.05

   

Yes

153

25

21.4–28.6

Gender

Female

37

31

21.5–40.5

0.14

   

Male

179

27

23.8–30.1

Albumin preTACEa(g/L)

<  40

110

24

20.3–27.7

0.2

0.61

0.4–0.93

0.023

>  40

98

28

24.1–31.8

AP preTACEa(IU/L)

<  108

105

32

28.01–35.9

< 0.001

0.65

0.44–0.94

0.02

>  108

104

24

20.7–27.2

0.56

0..39–0.79

0.001

0.54

0.38–0.76

0.001

0.59

0.43–0.8

0.001

AFP preTACEa(ng/mL)

<  12.8

105

30

25.7–34.2

0.009

0.66

0.46–0.94

0.002

<  12.8

104

23

19.3–26.7

0.7

0.49–0.98

0.04

Ascites preTACE

No

198

28

25.3–30.6

0.06

0.39

0.19–0.76

0.006

Yes

18

20

16.1–23.9

Doxorubicin dosea (mg)

<  90

95

29

25.4–32.5

0.03

   

>  90

94

24

20.5–27.6

CBCT

No

187

27

23.7–30.3

0.25

   

Yes

29

24

19.4–28.6

Particle size, μm

300–500

135

26

23.2–28.8

0.53

   

100–300

81

29

23.6–34.4

Post-TACE-1 events

No

143

29

26.3–31.6

0.005

   

Yes

73

22

16.3–27.7

Hb post-TACE-1 a (g/dL)

<  13.4

109

26

20.2–31.8

0.83

   

>  13.4

98

28

24.3–31.7

Platelets post-TACE-1a ×10^9/L

<  108.5

103

26

21.4–30.6

0.66

   

>  108.5

103

27

22.4–31.5

Platelets post-TACE-1 × 10^9/L

< 100

87

26

21.3–30.7

0.75

   

> 100

119

27

22.7–31.2

Albumin post-TACE-1a(g/dL)

<  38

106

21

18.7–23.3

< 0.001

2.5

1.6–3.9

< 0.001

>  38

102

35

28.8–41.2

Albumin pos-TACE 1 g/dL

<  35

54

22

18.5–25.5

0.001

1.5

1.1–2.2

0.02

> 35

154

30

26.9–33.1

∆ Albumin g/dL

< 0

138

25

21.7–28.3

0.07

   

0

22

37

27.5–46.5

> 0

40

29

24.8–33.1

AFP post-TACE 1a ng/mL

<  8.4

105

30

25.4–34.5

0.025

   

>  8.4

104

24

20.5–27.5

AFP post-TACE 1 ng/mL

< 100

183

29

26.4–31.6

< 0.001

0.65

0.45–0.93

0.02

> 100

26

12

8.3–15.7

0.67

0.47–0.97

0.03

AFP post-TACE 1 ng/mL

< 200

192

29

26.5–31.5

0.005

   

> 200

171

14

9.9–18.03

   

AFP post-TACE 1 ng/mL

< 400

159

29

26.5–31.5

< 0.001

   

> 400

13

12

7.3–16.7

   

∆ AFP ng/mL

< 0

139

28

24.7–31.3

0.23

   

0

6

14

5.6–22.4

   

> 0

57

27

22.1–31.8

   

Bilirubin post-TACE 1a mg/dL

<  1

140

30

25.4–34.5

0.01

   

>  1

71

24

20.6–27.4

Bilirubin pos. TACE 1 mg/dL

<  2

194

28

25.3–30.7

0.03

   

> 2

17

15

5.6–24.4

   

∆ Bilirubin mg/dL

< 0

74

27

21.4–32.6

0.003

   

0

62

34

26.1–41.9

   

> 0

67

23

20.1–25.9

   

AST post-TACE 1a IU/L

<  47

104

27

22.5–31.5

0.67

   

>  47

100

29

24.7–33.2

   

ALT post-TACE 1a IU/L

<  35

104

26

22.7–29.2

0.5

   

>  35

103

29

25.8–32.2

   

GGT post-TACE 1a IU/L

<  133

105

29

21.7–36.3

0.23

   

>  133

100

27

24.1–29.8

   

AP post-TACE 1a IU/L

<  128

102

33

28.3–37.6

< 0.001

   

>  128

102

20

11.6–28.3

∆ AP post-TACE 1 IU/L

< 0

57

30

23.7–36.3

0.66

   

0

2

  

> 0

139

27

23.8–30.2

Creatinine post-TACE 1a mg/dL

< 0.79

104

28

24.2–31.8

0.68

   

>  0.79

101

27

21.4–32.5

Sodium post-TACE 1a mEq/L

<  140

105

26

22.5–29.5

0.28

   

>  140

102

29

24.6–33.4

PT post-TACE 1a %

<  82

106

27

22.9–31.1

0.21

   

>  82

102

28

22.8–33.1

Ascites post-TACE 1

No

189

28

25.5–30.5

< 0.001

0.41

0.25–0.7

0.001

Yes

27

17

8.6–25.4

0.38

0.24–0.63

< 0.001

0.43

0.27–0.68

< 0.001

0.37

0.23–0.58

< 0.001

Progressive disease to TACE-1 (mRECIST)

No

176

28

25.5–30.5

0.03

   

Yes

35

23

20.8–25.2

RECIST

CR

55

28

20.8–35.1

< 0.001

   

PR

97

29

26.1–31.8

SD

24

26

18.04–33.9

PD

35

23

20.1–25.2

Not available

5

2

0–4.2

Objective response

No

64

23

20.2–25.8

0.01

0.67

0.46–0.98

0.04

Yes

152

29

26.3–31.7

0.68

0.47–0.99

0.048

  1. The model 4 uses only three variables, all of them post-TACE, with significant thresholds in two variables (albumin 35 g/L, AFP 100 ng/mL) and appearance of ascites
  2. CI Confidence interval, HR Hazard ratio, TACE Transarterial chemoembolization, BCLC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, CSPH Clinically significant portal hypertension., AFP Alpha-fetoprotein, Bil Bilirubin, Alb Albumin, AP Alkaline phosphatase, Hb Hemoglobin, CBCT Cone-beam computed tomography, EV Esophageal varices. a The median values were used as a cut-off for continuous variables. b Tumor size estimated by AUROC. ∆ Bil, ∆ AP, ∆ AFP, and ∆ alb are calculated by the subtraction of pre-TACE from post-TACE variables
  3. In the T1 period multivariate analysis includes basal (preTACE-1) variables statistically significant and those considered clinically relevant, together with significant variables of T1 period. Five models have been developed
  4. Model 1: basal albumin < 40 g/L (median value), basal AP < 108 IU/L (median value), ascites preTACE, albumin posTACE < 38 g/L (median value) and ascites posTACE
  5. Model 2: tumor size < 36.5 mm (cut-off estimated by AUROC), basal AFP < 12.8 ng/mL (median value), basal AP < 108 IU/L (median value) and objective response
  6. Model 3: tumor size < 36.5 mm (estimated by AUROC), basal AFP < 12.8 ng/mL (median value), basal AP < 108 IU/L (median value), objective response and ascites posTACE
  7. Model 4: albumine postTACE < 35 g/L (arbitrary), AFP < 100 ng/mL postTACE (arbitrary) and ascites posTACE
  8. Model 5: basal AP < 108 IU/L (median), AFP < 100 ng/mL postTACE (arbitrary) and ascites posTACE
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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