Table 1 baseline characteristics in the 329 subjects by arterial lactate stratum

Age, years, (SD)

51.4 ± 13.8

51.8 ± 13.2

51.2 ± 14.2

0.71

Sex (male), n (%)

194 (59%)

66 (59%)

128 (59%)

0.74

Etiology, n (%)

0.06

 Biliary

161 (49%)

65 (58%)

96 (44%)

 Alcoholic

42 (13%)

15 (13%)

27 (12%)

 Hyperlipidemia

102 (31%)

27 (24%)

75 (35%)

 Other

24 (7%)

5 (5%)

19 (9%)

 Body-mass index, Kg/m², (SD)

24.6 ± 3.7

24.2 ± 3.7

24.5 ± 3.7

0.82

Balthazar grading standard, n (%)

0.13

 C- grade

26 (8%)

13 (12%)

13 (6%)

 D- grade

222 (67%)

76 (68%)

146 (67%)

 E- grade

81 (25%)

23 (20%)

58 (27%)

 White blood count, × 10⁹/L, (SD)

14.3 ± 6.8

15.2 ± 5.4

14.9 ± 6.3

0.23

 Hematocrit, IQR

43.1 (38.9–48.9)

41 (36.6–46.1)

44.4 (40–50)

< 0.01

 Hematocrit ≥44, n (%)

154 (47%)

35 (31%)

119 (59%)

< 0.01

 Serum calcium, mmol/L,

1.9 (1.7–2.1)

2 (1.8–2.2)

1.9 (1.6–2.1)

0.01

 Serum calcium< 2 mmol/L, n (%)

182 (55%)

50 (45%)

132 (61%)

0.06

 Serum glucose, mmol/L, IQR

9.3 (7.3–12.7)

7.7 (6.1–9.7)

10.5 (8.0–14.7)

< 0.01

 Serum urea, mmol/L, IQR

7.3 (5.0–11.5)

5.7 (4.1–9.6)

7.7 (5.6–12.4)

< 0.01

 Serum creatinine≥1.9 mg / dl, n (%)

74 (22%)

10 (9%)

64 (29%)

< 0.01

 Serum albumin

35 ± 5.4

35.4 ± 5.3

34.8 ± 5.4

0.37

 C-reactive protein ≥150 mg/L, n (%)

269 (82%)

90 (80%)

179 (82%)

0.64

 Procalcitonin≥3.8 ng/mL, n (%)

142 (43%)

23 (21%)

119 (55%)

< 0.01

 BE ≥|4|mmol/L, n (%)

170 (52%)

30 (27%)

140 (65%)

< 0.01

 SIRS scores ≥3, n (%)

128 (39%)

36 (32%)

92 (42%)

0.07

 APACHEIIscores, IQR

10 (7–13)

9 (7–12)

11 (8–14)

< 0.01

 APACHEIIscores≥15, n (%)

68 (18%)

13 (12%)

55 (25%)

< 0.01