From: Incidence, aetiology and related comorbidities of cirrhosis: a Swedish population-based cohort study
Alcohol | HCV | Cryptogenic | NAFLD | PBC | AIH | Other causes | Overall | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall, n (%) | 302 (50.5) | 80 (13.4) | 87 (14.5) | 34 (5.7) | 31 (5.2) | 30 (5.0) | 34 (5.7) | 598 (100) |
Male, n (%) | 212 (70) | 55 (69) | 59 (68) | 19 (56) | 5 (16) | 6 (20) | 24 (71) | 380 (64) |
Female, n (%) | 90 (30) | 25 (31) | 28 (32) | 15 (44) | 26 (84) | 24 (80) | 10 (29) | 218 (36) |
Median age (years) (10–90 percentile) | 65 (52–76) | 57 (46–67) | 76 (63–88) | 75 (62–86) | 72 (58–81) | 69 (46–85) | 64 (30–83) | 66 (50–81) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||||
Hypertension | 96 (32) | 17 (21) | 32 (37) | 23 (68) | 12 (39) | 7 (23) | 9 (27) | 196 (33) |
Ischaemic heart disease | 59 (20) | 4 (5) | 27 (31) | 11 (32) | 7 (23) | 2 (6.7) | 4 (12) | 114 (19) |
Chronic heart failure | 37 (12) | 2 (2.5) | 35 (40) | 8 (24) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 3 (8.8) | 86 (14) |
Type 2 diabetes | 78 (26) | 6 (21) | 37 (43) | 18 (53) | 9 (29) | 4 (13) | 8 (24) | 171 (29) |
Obesity a | 81 (27) | 18 (23) | 10 (11) | 24 (70) | 4 (13) | 5 (17) | 1 (2.9) | 143 (24) |
Severity, n (%)b | ||||||||
MELD (median) | 14 | 9 | 11.5 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 11 |
MELD < 10 | 70 (23) | 49 (61) | 30 (34) | 16 (47) | 23 (74) | 14 (47) | 14 (41) | 216 (36) |
MELD 10–15 | 84 (28) | 11 (15) | 19 (22) | 6 (18) | 4 (13) | 6 (20) | 11 (32) | 142 (24) |
MELD ≥15 | 140 (46) | 18 (23) | 27 (31) | 9 (26) | 1 (3.2) | 9 (30) | 6 (18) | 210 (35) |
Child-Pugh A | 80 (26) | 48 (60) | 19 (22) | 16 (47) | 24 (77) | 15 (50) | 16 (47) | 217 (36) |
Child-Pugh B | 122 (40) | 21 (26) | 47 (54) | 12 (35) | 4 (13) | 10 (33) | 12 (35) | 228 (38) |
Child-Pugh C | 91 (30) | 11 (15) | 10 (11) | 3 (8.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (13) | 3 (8.8) | 122 (20) |
Baveno IV, 1–2 | 121 (40) | 53 (66) | 33 (38) | 25 (74) | 28 (90) | 22 (73) | 23 (68) | 305 (51) |
Baveno IV, 3–4 | 181 (60) | 27 (34) | 54 (62) | 9 (26) | 3 (10) | 8 (27) | 11 (32) | 292 (49) |
Complications, n (%) | ||||||||
Any complication | 227 (75) | 44 (55) | 74 (85) | 23 (68) | 7 (21) | 15 (50) | 19 (56) | 409 (68) |
Ascites | 175 (58) | 24 (30) | 52 (60) | 8 (24) | 3 (10) | 8 (27) | 10 (29) | 280 (47) |
Oesophageal varices | 119 (39) | 26 (33) | 31 (36) | 13 (38) | 4 (13) | 9 (30) | 13 (38) | 215 (36) |
Variceal bleeding | 19 (6.3) | 4 (5) | 6 (6.9) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (2.9) | 32 (5.4) |
Portal vein thrombosis | 10 (3.3) | 7 (8.8) | 10 (11) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (15) | 32 (5.4) |
Encephalopathy | 34 (11) | 5 (5) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 43 (7.2) |
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | 5 (1.7) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) | 8 (1.3) |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 21 (6.9) | 16 (20) | 29 (33) | 5 (15) | 1 (3.2) | 1 (3.3) | 2 (5.9) | 75 (13) |