Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients with uppr gastrointestinal bleeding
Characteristics | N (%) |
|---|---|
Overall | 512 (100) |
Median age (range), years | 64 (48–80) |
Male | 368 (71.9) |
Comorbidities; | |
None | 115 (30.3) |
Hypertension | 97 (18.9) |
Diabetes mellitus | 78 (15.2) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 56 (13.2) |
Liver disease | 47 (9.2) |
Chronic renal impairment | 40 (7.8) |
Ischemic heart disease | 30 (5.9) |
Malignancy | 26 (5.1) |
Congestive cardiac failure | 19 (3.7) |
Chronic obstructive airways disease | 17 (3.3) |
Bleeding risk medications; | |
None | 327 (63.9) |
Aspirin | 101 (19.7) |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 38 (7.4) |
Clopidogrel | 35 (6.8) |
Warfarin | 11 (2.1) |
Bleeding cause of endoscopic finding; | |
Gastric ulcer | 168 (32.8) |
Duodenal ulcer | 105 (20.5) |
Mallory Weiss tear | 67 (13.1) |
Acute gastric mucosal lesion | 66 (12.9) |
Dieulafoy’s lesion | 34 (6.6) |
Gastrointestinal malignancy | 34 (6.6) |
Angiodysplasia | 21 (4.1) |
Esophageal ulcer | 17 (3.3) |
Serious clinical outcomes; | |
Mortality | 17 (3.3) |
Rebleeding | 65 (12.7) |
ICU admission | 86 (16.8) |
Treatment; | |
None | 211 (41.2) |
Argon plasma coagulation | 216 (42.2) |
Hemostatic forcep coagulation | 30 (5.9) |
Hemoclipping | 55 (10.7) |
Epinephrine injection | 18 (3.5) |
Embolization | 7 (14) |
Band ligation | 1 (0.2) |
Mean (95% CI) score; | |
AIMS65 score | 1.1 (0.1–2.1) |
Pre-endoscopy Rockall score | 3.1 (1.4–4.8) |
Full Rockall score | 5.6 (4.3–7.8) |
Glasgow-Blatchford score | 9.6 (5.4–13.6) |