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Table 2 Comparison of associated factors between the participants with and without reflux esophagitis

From: What is the impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on reflux esophagitis? A cross-sectional study

Variables

Reflux esophagitis

Without reflux esophagitis

Univariate logistic regression analysis

N (%)

N (%)

OR

95% CI

p-value

Age

< 65 years

2582 (58.4)

1839 (41.6)

1.000

 

≥65 years

334 (70.5)

140 (29.5)

1.699

1.383–2.088

< 0.001**

Gender

Female

1040 (51.1)

996 (48.9)

1.000

 

Male

1876 (65.6)

983 (34.4)

1.828

1.627–2.053

< 0.001**

BMI (mean ± SD)

 

24.64 ± 3.54

23.76 ± 3.45

1.076

1.058–1.094

< 0.001**

Uric acid (mean ± SD)

 

6.27 ± 1.48

5.83 ± 1.45

1.226

1.178–1.277

< 0.001**

Smoking

No

2402 (57.8)

1753 (42.2)

1.000

 

Yes

514 (69.5)

226 (30.5)

1.660

1.403–1.964

< 0.001**

Alcohol consumption

No

2196 (57.0)

1656 (43.0)

1.000

 

Yes

720 (69.0)

323 (31.0)

1.681

1.453–1.945

< 0.001**

Betel nuts chewing

No

2833 (59.3)

1941 (40.7)

1.000

 

Yes

83 (68.6)

38 (31.4)

1.496

1.015–2.206

0.042*

Hyperlipidemia history

No

304 (63.6)

174 (36.4)

1.000

 

Yes

979 (66.1)

501 (33.9)

1.118

0.902–1.387

0.308

Hypertension history

No

2104 (57.0)

1586 (43.0)

1.000

 

Yes

812 (67.4)

393 (32.6)

1.557

1.358–1.786

< 0.001**

Diabetes history

No

2480 (57.9)

1801 (42.1)

1.000

 

Yes

436 (71.0)

178 (29.0)

1.779

1.479–2.139

< 0.001**

Gastric ulcer

No

2420 (59.4)

1654 (40.6)

1.000

 

Yes

496 (60.4)

325 (39.6)

1.043

0.895–1.216

0.589

H. pylori infection#

No

2758 (59.2)

1897 (40.8)

1.000

 

Yes

158 (65.8)

82 (34.2)

1.325

1.009–1.741

0.043*

Hiatal hernia

No

2853 (59.1)

1975 (40.9)

1.000

 

Yes

63 (94.0)

4 (6.0)

10.903

3.962–30.002

< 0.001**

Abdominal obesity

No

1983 (57.1)

1490 (42.9)

1.000

 

Yes

933 (65.6)

489 (34.4)

1.434

1.261–1.630

< 0.001**

Elevated TG

No

2065 (57.6)

1521 (42.4)

1.000

 

Yes

851 (65.0)

458 (35.0)

1.369

1.200–1.561

< 0.001**

Reduced HDL-C

No

1856 (58.8)

1302 (41.2)

1.000

 

Yes

1060 (61.0)

677 (39.0)

1.098

0.975–1.238

0.124

Elevated BP

No

1387 (54.6)

1152 (45.4)

1.000

 

Yes

1529 (64.9)

827 (35.1)

1.536

1.369–1.723

< 0.001**

Hyperglycemia

No

1853 (56.1)

1449 (43.9)

1.000

 

Yes

1063 (66.7)

530 (33.3)

1.568

1.384–1.777

< 0.001**

MetS

No

1967 (56.2)

1533 (43.8)

1.000

 

Yes

949 (68.0)

446 (32.0)

1.658

1.455–1.890

< 0.001**

MetS components

0

575 (50.2)

571 (49.8)

1.000

 

1

729 (57.8)

533 (42.2)

1.358

1.156–1.595

< 0.001**

2

663 (60.7)

429 (39.3)

1.535

1.298–1.815

< 0.001**

3

533 (68.0)

251 (32.0)

2.109

1.745–2.549

< 0.001**

4

298 (68.3)

138 (31.7)

2.144

1.699–2.706

< 0.001**

5

118 (67.4)

57 (32.6)

2.056

1.468–2.879

< 0.001**

  1. OR are calculated by N (%) for categorical variables and by mean ± SD for continuous variables using univariate logistic regression analysis. # Of the 4895 participants who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, only 719 received rapid urease tests, 240 of which were positive, which represented positive H. pylori infection
  2. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001
  3. BP blood pressure, CI confidence interval, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein, H. pylori Helicobacter pylori, MetS metabolic syndrome, N number of patients, OR odds ratio, TG triglycerides
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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